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I ons and B onding

I ons and B onding. Define ion, ionic bond, ionic compound. Use Bohr models to show how ionization and ionic bonding occur Key Words ionic compound formula unit negative ions ionic bond positive ions. The Octet Rule. An atom with eight electrons in its outer orbit is very stable.

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I ons and B onding

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  1. Ions and Bonding

  2. Define ion, ionic bond, ionic compound. • Use Bohr models to show how ionization and ionic bonding occur • Key Words • ionic compound formula unit • negative ions ionic bond • positive ions

  3. The Octet Rule An atom with eight electrons in its outer orbit is very stable. Chemical reactions occur as atoms try to obtain a full outer orbit like the Noble gases.

  4. Atoms will acquire a full outer shell in 3 ways: • Give away an e- to another atom. • Take an e- from another atom. • Share an e-with another atom. When a neutral atom gives an e- awayit ends up with a positive charge. The atom is now called a positive ION ORcation.

  5. + Sodium atom: 11 p+ 11 e- Na Sodium ion: 11 p+ 10 e- Na + (cation)

  6. Atoms that take an e- end up with a negative charge – called a negative ion (anion) - Chlorine atom: 17 p+ 17 e- Cl Chlorine ion: 17 p+ 18 e- Cl - (anion)

  7. Metals will lose (give) e- to become cations. Non-metals will gain (take) e- to be anions. The number of e- an atom must lose or gain is called the combining capacity ( = charge of ion).

  8. +2 Calcium atom: 20 p+ 20 e- Ca Calcium ion: 20 p+ 18 e- Ca +2 (cation)

  9. -2 Oxygen atom: 8 p+ 8 e- O Oxygen ion: 8 p+ 10 e- O -2 (anion)

  10. -3 Nitrogen atom: 7 p+ 7 e- N Nitrogen ion: 7 p+ 10 e- N -3 (anion)

  11. A Chemical Reaction: Movement of electrons between combiningatoms that results in the formation of a NEW substance. *The LESS electrons to move, the GREATER the reactivity of the element.

  12. Ioniccompounds- a positive ion (METAL) joins with a negative ion (NON-METAL). Attractive forces holdopposite charges together – IONIC BOND.

  13. Sodium atom (Na) Chlorine atom (Cl) - + Sodium Chloride NaCl (ionic bond) Chlorine ion (Cl-) Sodium ion (Na+)

  14. Atoms combine together to form compounds in fixed ratios or definite proportions. 1 Na forms an ionic bond with 1 Cl 10 Na 10 Cl 65 Na 65 Cl The smallest unit of an ionic compound is called a formula unit.

  15. As atoms combine in definite proportions: Aluminum Nitrogen N-3 Al+3 1 : 1 Aluminum Nitride AlN

  16. As atoms combine in definite proportions: Aluminum Fluorine 3 F- Al+3 1 : 3 Aluminum Fluoride AlF3

  17. Use Bohr diagrams to illustrate the compounds formed from the following reaction: • Ca and F • Na and P • Mg and N

  18. Ionic Compounds formula unit

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