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12 C enriched

Fig. 1. Schematic of the LPTM hydrate dissociation hypothesis ( 15 ). Model assumptions include a pure CH 4 hydrate/ seawater system, hydrostatic pressure gradient 5 0.10 MPa/m, geothermal gradient 0.03°C/m, and initial bottom water temperature 11°C. Pal = Paleocene.

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12 C enriched

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  1. Fig. 1. Schematic of the LPTM hydrate dissociationhypothesis (15). Model assumptions include a pure CH4 hydrate/ seawater system, hydrostatic pressure gradient 5 0.10MPa/m, geothermal gradient 0.03°C/m, and initial bottom water temperature 11°C. Pal = Paleocene.

  2. Fig. 2. Multichannel seismics line TD-5. (A) Map showing location of inset (B). BBOR, Blake Bahama Outer Ridge. (B) Enlarged location map with drill sites and seismic lines shown in (C) and (D). (C) Chaotic reflections correlated with the CIE (carbon isotope excursion) near an Aptian reef may be a CH4 release site. (D) Erosional scarp and current-controlled sedimentation associated with a reflection correlated with the CIE; reflection Ab is the equivalent age to reflection Ab mapped on the western Bermuda Rise.

  3. 12C enriched HIGH BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTIVITY PRODUCES A LOW d13C ratio IN SEAWATER High 12C input to biology: Seawater becomes depleted in 12C, SO THE d13C ratio IN THE REMAINING SEAWATER is HIGH When methane hydrates decompose, the carbon with the excess 12C now vents into seawater, lowering the d13C ratio of the seawater High 12C output to seawater: Seawater becomes rich in 12C and depleted in 13C, So the d13C ratio BECOMES LOWER 12C enriched X X

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