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Physics and Technology

Instrumentation Frontier Enabling Physics with New Technologies Ronald Lipton, Marcel Demarteau , Howard Nicholson. Physics and Technology. Physics drives the process – technologies enable the physics. We look at both

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Physics and Technology

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  1. Instrumentation FrontierEnabling Physics with New TechnologiesRonald Lipton, Marcel Demarteau, Howard Nicholson

  2. Physics and Technology • Physics drives the process – technologies enable the physics. • We look at both • At this meeting the goal was to begin to gather physics driven instrumentation needs. • Gather needs • Identify technology opportunities • Think about transformational technologies • Don’t ignore incremental development that can substantially impact the physics • Develop a matrix for each physics topic of current detector technologies, reach, limitations. • Solicit input from all groups • Then enlarge it to promising new technologies

  3. CPAD • DPF Committee – charged with coordination, evaluation and promotion of detector technology R&D. • Snowmass Instrumentation Frontier work organized around CPAD. • Identify the strengths and weaknesses of the US Detector R&D program • Identify existing technologies in which future R&D will help enable this physics and/or make it more affordable • Identify potential transformative technologies • Identify technologies in commercial use or being used in other scientific fields which have the potential to have deep impact in capability and cost to existing and future physics programs, and • Identify non-promising branches of R&D • Where are we? • Where do we want/need to be? • Identified liaisons to Frontiers to help study physics needs in the context of technology drivers. Our job as conveners is to make sure everyone who wants to contribute can work effectively.

  4. Organization Some technologies are cross-Frontier, others are not Some measurements involve multiple technologies (fast timing) We will refine this matrix in the next few weeks – based on feedback from this meetingand follow-ups.

  5. Session Summaries • Joint instrumentation sessions with Energy, Cosmic, Intensity Frontiers. • Contributions from: • UliHeintz • Andy White • David Lissauer • Juan Estrada • Regina Rameika • Steve Kettle • David Asner • Marcel Demarteau

  6. Intensity Frontier - Neutrino Experiments • Very low energy neutrinos – Supernova bursts, diffuse supernova relic neutrinos, geo-neutrinos, solar neutrinos, reactor neutrinos • Ultra High energy neutrinos – Atmospheric neutrinos, UHE cosmic rays, GZKneutrinos • Plus all of the neutrinos in between • Next Generation Detectors Need to See the Light! • Large Liquid Detectors (water, scintillator, argon) – large surface areas to be • instrumented • – ~On Order 100K conventional PMTs • • Smaller Detectors – need excellent energy resolution

  7. Intensity Frontier – Neutrino Experiments • New and altered scintillators – more light, neutron capture • Large magnetized detectors • Needed for n factory beams

  8. Intensity Frontier – Rare Decays • Potential Experiments: (Partial List) • Muons: -Ne-N, g-2, +e+, EDM • Kaons: K • Most intensity frontier rare process experiments stop the kaon/muon and work in the CM. • Stop 1011–1013 muons/sec , ~few 10MHz low mom. K decays • Calorimeters • Fast (Mu2eLYSO, g-2PbF2, MEG LXe, ORKAPb-scint.) • 0>99.9999% (K) with 4 fully hermetic photon detection • KOPIO+ needs energy, time, position and direction • https://indico.fnal.gov/getFile.py/access?contribId=183&sessionId=17&resId=0&materialId=paper&confId=5276 • Trackers: • Low mass , Good space/timing resolution • Operation in vacuum (g-2, Mu2e, NA62/CKM straws in vacuum) • https://indico.fnal.gov/getFile.py/access?contribId=186&sessionId=17&resId=0&materialId=paper&confId=5276 • TOF • Time photons to bunched p-beam for KL momentum in KL0 • https://indico.fnal.gov/getFile.py/access?contribId=184&sessionId=17&resId=0&materialId=slides&confId=5276

  9. Intensity Frontier – B Factories • BES III with run for another 8–10yrs • Promising developments for c/τ factory in Novosibirsk • SuperB: hosted in CabibboLab: • Italian parliament approved funding for ~ first half; undergoing cost & schedule review now for the balance • ground breaking in 2013, first collisions in 2018 • SuperKEKB received Japanese Diet approval for complete project in 2011, construction proceeding well, • DOE CD-1 approval Sept 18, 2012, first collisions in 2015 • LHCb upgrade approved in 2012 • installation in 2018, ready for 14 TeV run ~2020

  10. Intensity Frontier – B Factories KL and muon detector: Resistive Plate Counter (barrel) Scintillator + WLSF + MPPC (end-caps) • Large data volume • Ex. Belle II raw data 50 pb/yr • Super-tau/charm • BES III (no planned upgrade) – could use CLEO-like RICH • BINP – no US participation • Super B-factories • Rad hard & thin silicon trackers • Barrel and Endcap PID • Endcap Calorimetry • Opportunities to contribute to detector upgrades • LHCb - only NSF support in US • Upgrade approved by LHCC • http://cdsweb.cern.ch/record/1333091/files/LHCC-I-018.pdf) EM Calorimeter: CsI(Tl), waveform sampling (barrel) Pure CsI + waveform sampling (end-caps) Particle Identification Time-of-Propagation counter (barrel) Prox. focusing Aerogel RICH (fwd) electrons (7GeV) Beryllium beam pipe 2cm diameter Vertex Detector 2 layers DEPFET + 4 layers DSSD positrons (4GeV) Central Drift Chamber He(50%):C2H6(50%), Small cells, long lever arm, fast electronics

  11. Energy Frontier – Hadron Colliders • LHC in the 2020’s – What instrumentation is needed to maintain or extend LHC detector performance at HL-LHC luminosity? • Tracking • Radiation damage • New sensor technologies – 3D, diamond, other?? • Material • Cooling mass • Mechanical supports • Pixelization • Vertex association • Resolution

  12. Energy Frontier – Hadron Colliders • Calorimetry – How to deal with radiation, high pileup, especially in the forward direction • New materials, rad hard light sensors • Fast (20ps) preshower timing • Triggering • Track-based triggers • Move more triggering functionsto L1 • Use tracking primitives with Zresolution • Move intelligence upstream

  13. Energy Frontier – Lepton Colliders • ILC – Baseline design, R&D to optimize, develop and select technologies • CLIC – Evolution from ILC designs – higher energy, demanding timing (0.5ns bunch spacing), higher beam background • High Energy Circular ring – Detector challenges similar to ILC – need to be studied • Muon Collider – Major challenge is beam decay background. Detectors must be radiation hard and have ~ns time resolution.

  14. Energy Frontier – Lepton Colliders • Vertex – Precision Higgs branching ratios • Few micron-level resolution • low mass • low power • Tracking – • 10-5 dp/p2 • Forward Tracking • Many Technology choices • DEPFET • 3D • CMOS Active Pixel • Hybrid

  15. Energy Frontier – Lepton Colliders • Calorimetry – Goal 3% DE/E – W/Z jet separation • Particle flow calorimetry • Pixelated calorimeter – high degree of segmentation in both dimensions • Dual readout • Measure both scintillation and cerenkov light – compensate for nuclear breakup energy loss • Ideas for sampling and homogeneous designs • What resolution is achievable?

  16. Energy Frontier – Muon Collider • A poster child for Detector R&D with severe backgrounds from beam muon decay • Radiation dose similar to Phase 1 LHC – but more uniform • 400x longer crossing interval • Most background is out of time • Requires highly pixelated sensors with nanosecond timing throughout the detector • Can we do this and preserve the excellent performance of the ILC-like detectors? • Do we need to? Background before timing cut Background after 2ns timing cut

  17. Cosmic Frontier/Instrumentation • Activities: • 1) participated of the cosmic frontier meeting • 2) had a 1 hour CF/Instrumentation joint meeting • 3) had a 1 hour discussion among the Instrumentation liaisons for the CF • Direct DM: • Until now all the experiments are R&D, large risk taken. Once the experiments become expensive only the proven technology will become a project. This will change things quite a bit. • We have to identify the DM technologies we would need for the DM observatory (after detection). We need to make sure we do not loose any relevant expertise for this during the G2/G3 downselect.

  18. Dark Energy: Clear roadmap up to LSST. • We need to identify what do we need after LSST? • Very large spectrograph ( BigBOSS/DESpec X 100) • New IR technology for a competitive space mission (combine with NASA R&D) • Cosmic Messenger: A lot more discussion needed. • Some of the needs of this field align very well with other areas in CF (SiPMs) • CMB: A lot more discussion needed. • Some of the needs of this field align very well with other areas in CF (MKIDs) • Capabilities/facilities: • The detector R&D for CF would highly benefit from having a some user facilities: • Shallow underground site for quick testing of detector concept • Neutron test beam for calibration of DM detectors • Deep and large underground site for G3 experiment • Underground site on the south (Andes?) • Need to specify the requirements for this needs and list possible options. • Common technology: • During the discussion at least three different technologies showed potential for wide applications in CF. 1) SiPM, 2) MKIDs and 3) fastDAQ. • Outside HEP: • To make progress we will need help from other fields. Material, Chemical, etc. We need to identify the areas were our progress depends on other sciences. • We need to identify the areas where our work could benefit other field.

  19. Instrumentation Facilities • Laboratory Facilities • Test beams • Large mechanical systems • Engineering and technical expertise • ASIC design • Computing and simulation • Sensor fabrication • Precision metrology • Nanotechnology centers • University Resources • Students • Collaboration with other departments • EE Nanofabrication labs • University-based technical staff • University based innovation – different constraints • Industry • SBIR/STTR process • CRADA process • HEP can be “First adopters” of new technologies

  20. Not Covered Yet • Accelerator instrumentation • VLHC physics and detector issues • Novel Technologies • N-nbar oscillation technology needs • Axion and heavy photon searches • …

  21. Get Involved • Those interested in getting involved should contact the conveners: • Ron Lipton <lipton@fnal.gov> • Howard Nicholson <hnichols@mtholyoke.edu> • Marcel Demarteau <demarteau@anl.gov> • Or the Frontier Liaisons • Energy – Ulrich Heintz <Ulrich_Heintz@brown.edu> • Intensity - David Lissauer <lissauer@bnl.gov> • Cosmic - Juan Estrada estrada@fnal.gov • Or CPAD members

  22. Instrumentation Between now and January meeting:Define liaison responsibilitiesRefine the matrix of physics and technologies.What technologies are currently being used?What technologies are currently being considered?What technologies are we thinking of?What are the limitations imposed by current technology?Begin to identify transformational technologies

  23. Snowmass 1982

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