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World Bank 世界银行 Ministry of Construction PRC 中国建设部

World Bank 世界银行 Ministry of Construction PRC 中国建设部. North China Water Quality Study Program 中国北方城市水管理研究项目. Component B 部分 Wastewater Utility Performance Study 污水行业投资与运行研究 Wastewater Study Team 污水项目组 2005/06/21. Wastewater Utility Performance Study 污水行业投资与运行研究. Objectives 目标

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World Bank 世界银行 Ministry of Construction PRC 中国建设部

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  1. World Bank 世界银行 Ministry of Construction PRC 中国建设部 North China Water Quality Study Program中国北方城市水管理研究项目 Component B 部分 Wastewater Utility Performance Study 污水行业投资与运行研究 Wastewater Study Team 污水项目组 2005/06/21

  2. Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究 • Objectives 目标 - Improving Investment & Operation Efficiencies 提高投资和运行效率 • Approach 研究方法 - General Investment Survey and Forecasting 总体投资分析和预测 - Identify Key Issues and Constraints 确认关键问题与制约因素 - Initiate Benchmarking System for WW Utilities 建立污水行业绩效评估系统 • Outputs 研究成果 - Recommend Practical Options for Improvement 推荐实际可行的方案以提高投资和运行效率

  3. Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究 • Study Geographic Area 研究区域 - Northern China cities in 14 provinces / municipalities above Yangtze River 长江以北中国北方14个省/市 • Study Tasks 研究任务 - Investment Survey and Forecasting 投资调研与预测 - Case Studies 案例分析 - Initiate Benchmarking System 建立绩效评估系统

  4. Investment Survey & Forecasting 投资分析与预测 中国人民大学环境学院 School of Environment and Natural Resources Renmin University of China 马中 Ma Zhong June 21，2005

  5. Investment Survey & Forecasting 投资分析与预测 • Data Sources 资料来源： • China Urban Construction Statistics Yearbook《中国城市建设统计年报》 • Indexes 投资指标： • Sewerage Fixed-asset Investment 排水固定资产投资 • Concentrated Sewage Treatment Rate 污水集中处理率

  6. Total Investment 投资总量：1998－2003 Sewerage fixed-asset Investment in 14 Provinces: 49.05 Billion RMB 北方十四省排水固定资产投资总额: 490.5亿元

  7. 2003年14省平均污水集中处理率：29.71%Average Concentrated Sewage Treatment Rate 2003 in 14 Provinces: 29.71%

  8. 14省污水处理投资与人均GDP: 2003Investment vs GDP per capita: 2003

  9. 污水处理投资和流域地理位置Investment vs Location of Riverbasin

  10. 投资研究发现Main Findings • 投资总量稳步增长 Steady Growth of Investment • 处理率不断提高 Increased Treatment rate • 有些城市超计划完成任务 Some cities over comply with the target

  11. 投资研究发现Main Findings • 地区、城市间差异很大 Big Gaps between Cities • 投资相对集中在经济发达地区、大城市和流域下游 Capitals concentrate in developed regions, large cities and down streams • 城市污水处理投资任重道远 Huge demands for the future

  12. 2010年投资预测Investment Forecasting: 2010 新增污水处理能力: 亿元 New Treatment Capacity：100 M RMB

  13. 2010年新增污水管网投资: 亿元New Sewers upto 2010：100 M RMB

  14. 2004-2010年污泥投资预测Sludge Treatment

  15. 建议Recommendations • 基于各地十五的实际水平和十一五目标规划投资：如黑龙江和北京 Planning investments based on both the local reality in 2005 and targets in 2010 • 根据商业资金、财政资金和国际资金的不同功能和性质规划投资 Planning investment in accordance with various roles & purposes of commercial, international and financial capitals

  16. 建议Recommendations • 以同时提高运行能力和处理能力为目标规划投资 Planning investments to promote both operational & treatment capacities • 结合价格、税收、财政政策改革规划投资 Planning investment in association with ongoing pricing, taxation and fiscal policy reform

  17. 建议Recommendations 国家的城市污水处理投资规划应充分考虑各地经济发展水平、城市规模和流域上下游差异 More attention on the differences in economic development, city’s size and locations of riverbasin

  18. 建议Recommendations • 城市污水处理投资规划应当与流域综合治理规划、污染控制规划相结合，特别注意同流域城市的投资和建设进度的同步，尤其是上下游城市污水处理设施投资和建设的协调 Integration in riverbasin planning and coordination with cities in same riverbasin • 十一五投资规划应当立足当地，照顾邻居，统筹流域，改善全国 Local base, neighbor care, watershed planning, country target

  19. 北方主要河流水质情况：Ⅳ类及以下水质Water Quality in Main North Rivers：IV and Worse • 黄河 Yellow River： • 2000年：28.6% • 2003年：69.2%，其中劣Ⅴ类水增加了13.6% • 淮河 Huai River： • 1998年：72% • 2003年：81.4% • 海河 Hai River： • 1999年：58.5%,Ⅴ类及劣Ⅴ类水一共为49.7% • 2003年：Ⅵ类及以下水质上升到了78.5%，仅劣Ⅴ类水就占到53.9%。 注：数据来源：《中国环境状况公报》，1999-2004年。

  20. 污水处理投资与城市规模Investment vs Cities’ Size

  21. Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究 Case Study案例分析(1/12) • Objectives 目标 • To identify the key issues and constraints inhibiting investment and operation efficiencies through detailed case studies 通过详细的案例分析识别制约投资和运行效率的关键问题和限制因素 • Case Study Cities 案例分析城市 9 cities with 11 WWTPs selected at different locations and populations in Hai & Huai River Basins 淮河流域和海河流域不同地区和人口规模的9 个城市的11个污水处理厂 Tianjin (天津), Shijiazhuang (石家庄) (> 2 million 百万) Handan (邯郸), Huainan (淮南), Tangshan (唐山) (1 – 2 million 百万) Bengbu (蚌埠), Fuyang (阜阳) (0.5-1.0 million 百万) Luan (六安) (0.2 – 0.5 million百万) Guoyang (涡阳) (<0.2 million)

  22. Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究 Case Study案例分析(2/12) • Case Studies in 2001 2001年研究案例分析 • 9 cities with 16 WWTPs selected countrywide 在全国范围内调研了9个城市的16个污水处理厂

  23. Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究 Case Study 案例分析 (3/12) • 11WWTPs visited in 2005 2005年调研的11个污水处理厂 • 8 OXD 100 to 150 kcu m/d • 2 AS 160-260 kcu m/d • 1 CASS 100 kcu m/day • 16 WWTPs visited in 2001 2001年研究案例分析 • 3 OXD 100 to 150kcu m/d • 4 A/O 100 to 200 kcu m/d • 2 A2/O 100 to 300 kcu m/d • 1 A/B 80 kcu m/d • 1 SBR 150 kcu m/d • 1 BIO 120 kcu m/d • 8 个氧化沟工艺 10万- 15万 m3/天 • 2 个活性污泥法 16万-26万 m3/天 • 1 个CASS工艺 10万 m3/天 • 3 个氧化沟工艺 10万- 15万 m3/天 • 4 个A/O工艺 10万- 20万 m3/天 • 2 个A2/O工艺 10万- 30万 m3/天 • 1 个A/B工艺 8万 m3/天 • 1 个SBR工艺 15万 m3/天 • 1 个BIO工艺 12万 m3/天

  24. Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究 Case Study 案例分析 (4/12) • Methodology of Case Study 研究方法 • Questionnaires distributed and collected 分发调查问询表 • Interviews and site visits conducted 现场调研 • Performance Indicators (PI) used for assessment of WWTP and WWC performance 应用绩效指标分析污水公司和污水处理厂的运行

  25. Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究 Case Study 案例分析 (5/12) • Findings 调查结果 • Nutrient removal problematic at 5 of 23 WWTPs, 3 WWTPs in non-compliance for class II discharge standards 23个污水处理厂之中有5个氮磷去除尚未达标，3个污水处理厂尚未达到国家二级排放标准 • Average hydraulic loading for 23 WWTPs at 70% of design capacity – nonworking capital USD100-200m 23个污水处理厂的水力负荷约为设计能力的70%-闲置固定资产约为1-2亿美元 • Nearly all sludge dewatered and sent to landfill 污泥处置工艺基本采用脱水后填埋处理

  26. Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究 Case Study 案例分析 (6/12) • Findings (continued) 调查结果（续） • 30% or 7 of 23 WWTPs receiving low strength influent with BOD<80mg/l as low as 30mg/l 30% 或23个污水处理厂中的7个进水水质浓度低于设计标准，BOD<80mg/l，最低仅有 30mg/l • If to achieve 60% WWT rate, 400-600MCNY for WWTPs of 9 cities and 600-900MCNY for infrastructure 如果要达到 城市污水处理率60%的目标，9个城市污水处理厂建设投资需要 4-6 亿元人民币，管网和其他基础配套设施建设投资需要 6-9 亿元人民币。

  27. Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究 Case Study 案例分析 (7/12) • Findings (continued) 调查结果（续） • If to achieve 80% WWT rate, 1.0-1.6GCNY and 1.4-2.3 GCNY, respectively 如果要达到 城市污水处理率80%的目标，则分别需要10-16亿元人民币和 14-23 亿元人民币。 • Operating charges 4 times the costs in Romania and Slovenia, 22 times the costs of developed countries (based on GDP, PPP) 考虑GDP和PPP因素后的运行费用占国民收入比值是罗马尼亚和斯洛文尼亚的4倍，是其他发达国家的22倍。

  28. Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究 Case Study 案例分析(8/12) • Findings (continued) 调查结果（续） • Poor conditions and unsafety of aged sewers 老龄化的污水管网运行状况和安全性较差 • Response style maintenance for sewer system 污水管网的维护处于应急处理方式 • Insufficient funds, manpower, equipment, etc for sewer maintenance 污水管网维护资金、人员、设备均不足 • Non anti-corrosion design of sewers in some cities 一些城市污水管道尚未采用抗腐蚀设计

  29. Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究 Case Study 案例分析 (9/12)

  30. Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究 Case Study 案例分析 (11/12) • Technical Options 技术方案 • Investigate methods for better design hydraulic flow and influent strength • 研究确定水力负荷及设计浓度更为实际有效的方法 • Review and develop better design of brush aerators and blowers • 研究转刷曝气和鼓风机曝气设计最佳设计方法 • Investigate causes of nutrient non-compliance and recommend remediation measures • 研究造成氮磷去除困难的因素并提出可行的解决方案 • Investigate methods for reducing operational costs • 研究低运行成本的方法

  31. Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究 Case Study 案例分析 (12/12) • Technical Options (continued) 技术方案 (续) • Identify treatment processes with lower capital and operating costs and sludge production 研究投资成本低，运行费用低廉，污泥产量低的污水处理工艺 • Recommend treated effluent standards for both strong and weak raw WW 推荐针对高浓度和低浓度污水处理的排放标准 • Study decentralized WWTP 研究分散处理的污水处理厂的可行性 • Develop procedures for sewerage planning and design 完善污水系统规划和设计的标准程序

  32. Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究 Benchmarking System 绩效评估系统 (1/14) • Benchmarking Definition 绩效评估的定义 • A process of comparing performance indicators from different utilities 对各污水公司的绩效指标进行比较分析 • Benchmarking Purposes 绩效评估的目的 • Identify the areas for improvement 识别需要改进的领域 • Government to monitor and adjust policies 政府监督及调整相应政策 • Regulators to ensure cost effective 监管机构确保资金合理 • Operational transparency 运行透明 • Valuable information to private investors 为民营企业提供有价值信息

  33. Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究 Benchmarking System 绩效评估系统 (2/14) • Selection of Performance Indicators (PI)绩效评估指标(PI)的选择 • PI must be standardized 必须标准化 • PI must be quantitative, measurable, and quality controlled 必须量化，可测，并有质量控制 • PI values must be available at least for 50% of facilities 必须在至少50%的运行企业可以获得 • PI values should be at least 2 standard deviations > or < average 超过平均值2倍的标准偏差较好

  34. Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究 Benchmarking System 绩效评估系统 (3/14)

  35. Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究 Benchmarking System 绩效评估系统 (4/14) • Key PI Comparisons主要绩效指标比较 PI 11.6 - WW Operating Costs PI 11.6 – 单位营业费用

  36. Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究 Benchmarking System 绩效评估系统 (5/14) • Key PI Comparisons主要绩效指标比较 PI 12.6 Staff WW Pop Served PI 12.6 工作人员/排水服务人口

  37. Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究 Benchmarking System 绩效评估系统 (6/14) • Key PI Comparisons主要绩效指标比较 PI wPh3 Treatment Utilization (%/year) PI wPh3 二级污水处理厂利用率 (%/年)

  38. Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究 Benchmarking System 绩效评估系统 (7/14) • Key PI Comparisons主要绩效指标比较 PI wEn6 Sludge Production (KgDS/1000 p e) PI wEn6 人均污泥产量 (Kg干重/1000 p.e)

  39. Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究 Benchmarking System 绩效评估系统 (8/14) • Key PI Comparisons主要绩效指标比较 PI wOp44 WW Quality Tests (#/month) PI wOp44 水质检测频率 (#/月)

  40. Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究 Benchmarking System 绩效评估系统 (9/14) • Key PI Comparisons主要绩效指标比较 PI 24.1 Working Ratio PI 24.1 运营资金比率

  41. Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究 Benchmarking System 绩效评估系统 (10/14) • Key PI International Comparisons绩效指标国际比较 PI 2.1 Sewage Coverage PI 2.1 排水普及率

  42. Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究 Benchmarking System 绩效评估系统 (11/14) • Key PI International Comparisons绩效指标国际比较 PI 17.1 Wastewater Treatment PI 17.1 污水处理

  43. Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究 Benchmarking System 绩效评估系统 (12/14) • Key PI International Comparisons绩效指标国际比较 PI 24.1 Working Ratio PI 24.1 运营资金比率

  44. Computational Table for City PIs Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究 Benchmarking System 绩效评估系统 (13/14) • Guideline of Benchmarking Application 绩效评估系统应用指南 • A program with detailed User’s Manual developed 开发了计算程序，并有详细的用户手册 • User friendly 使用方便 • Automatic produce of PI results 自动产生绩效指标结果

  45. Computational Table for City PIs Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究 Benchmarking System 绩效系统 (14/14) • Successful Benchmarking Application 绩效系统的成功应用 • Benchmarking Committee consisting of representatives of WWCs or WWTPs to select PIs and set up procedures 由污水公司或污水处理厂派出代表成立绩效评估委员会确定绩效指标及工作程序 • Independent organization to compile PIs, reporting, and quality control 独立第三方负责收集、分析绩效指标、报告准备及质量控制 • Develop and update PI system 开发并更新绩效指标评估系统 • Review of PI results by Benchmarking Committee and guiding operations 绩效评估委员会审查绩效指标评估，指导运营管理

  46. Wastewater Utility Performance Study污水行业投资与运行研究 Thanks! 谢谢!

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