In Erasmus’s The Praise of Folly ,

1. In Erasmus’s The Praise of Folly, • the ideal society could only be found in the New World • the Christian faith was purified by reform movements • officials were elected by popular vote and there was no monarchy • societal and religious corruption were criticized in a humorous fashion • power and fame served as the motivating forces for human behavior

2. Indulgences were • mentioned prominently in the Bible • used by both Protestant and Catholic priests • a necessary prerequisite for justification of faith • offered by the Lutherans • addressed in the Ninety-Five Theses

3. The Protestant Reformation is built upon the foundation of • good works and priestly authority • justification by faith and biblical authority • salvation by works and papal authority • regular confession of sin • the authority of the church

4. In the Peasants’ War of the mid-1520s, Martin Luther • supported the peasants in their uprising against their lords • ignored the revolts in hopes that they would soon go away • admired the peasants for challenging unjust rule • condemned the violent response of the German princes • called on German lords to restore order by any means

5. The Peace of Augsburg in 1555 guaranteed the right of • each German ruler to determine the faith of his subjects • each German citizen to choose between either Catholicism or Lutheranism • the Catholic Church to complete religious hegemony in Italy • the Lutheran Church to complete religious hegemony in Germany • religious freedom for all German citizens

6. The Anabaptists of the sixteenth century • believed in the authority of each congregation’s church elders to make all decisions • appealed to the state for protection against radical fringe groups • celebrated the Lord’s Supper in the evening in private homes • sought public office so as to forward righteous political causes • promoted reforms that appealed to Protestant and Catholic authorities

7. The theology of John Calvin emphasized all of the following except the • Lutheran doctrine of justification by faith alone • complete and absolute sovereignty of God • spiritual presence of Jesus in the Last Supper • helplessness of man to circumvent the laws of predestination • importance of accumulating wealth to prove one’s virtue

8. Henry VIII • maintained a strong friendship with Thomas More • refused to recognize the supremacy of the pope • abolished the Church of England • always wanted his daughter Elizabeth to rule England • never sought legislation from Parliament to legitimize his actions

9. The final decrees of the Council of Trent • approved a “Protestant” doctrine of justification • made compromises with Protestants virtually impossible • called for the establishment of Catholic seminaries in all Protestant lands • let Catholics decide individually whether to accept transubstantiation • allowed the Lutheran church to reconcile with the Catholic church

10. Transubstantiation • is Catholic doctrine that taught the bread and wine miraculously changed into the Eucharist, which is the body and blood of Jesus • was the Catholic version of justification by faith • was Lutheranism’s separation from the Catholic church • maintained the variances of church doctrine between the Anabaptists and other Protestant groups • was the act of excommunication from the Lutheran church of those who maintained Catholic tradition

11. The French Wars of Religion were prompted by all of the following except • fear among the monarchies of the growth of Calvinism • a desire among towns and provinces to gain more power • a desire to bring about religious harmony among Catholics and Huguenots • a desire to maintain Catholic religious dominance within France • fear among the monarchies of the appeal of Calvinism to the French nobility

12. Among the earliest and most consistent goals of Spain’s King Philip II was a • firm determination to keep all his subjects Catholic • commitment to allow more local authority in the various parts of his empire • search for a body of competent advisors to supervise his overseas possessions • wish to marry Elizabeth of England and consolidate his kingdom with her kingdom • desire to spread religious toleration throughout all of his possessions

13. _____ tried to ensure England would remain a Catholic country. • Mary, the daughter of Henry VIII • Elizabeth, the daughter of Henry VIII • Ulrich Zwingli • Thomas Cranmer • Thomas Cromwell

14. Elizabeth pursued religious policies that sought to • affirm the goal of Edward VI to make the English Church Protestant • ban any of Edward’s or Mary’s children from inheriting the throne • antagonize Catholics and radical Protestants • acknowledge the son of Mary Queen of Scotland as Elizabeth’s heir • ensure long-term political and religious stability

15. During the reign of Elizabeth, the Puritan movement involved • Catholics who wanted to cleanse the Anglican Church • Anabaptists who wanted to reform the Church of England • Protestants who wanted to establish a new church • Protestants who wanted to cleanse the Anglican Church • reformers who wanted to remove the queen