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歡迎蒞臨 美國穀物協會 台灣區飼料工業同業公會 2012 年 3 月 7 日

歡迎蒞臨 美國穀物協會 台灣區飼料工業同業公會 2012 年 3 月 7 日. 1. U.S Grains Council Corn Harvest Quality Report 2011/12 2011/12 年美國玉米收穫時之品質報告. 台北福華大飯店 2012 年 3 月 7 日. Quality, Reliability, Transparency . U.S. Grains Council 美國穀物協會 : Building Partnerships Based on Trust 基於信賴以建立伙伴關係

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歡迎蒞臨 美國穀物協會 台灣區飼料工業同業公會 2012 年 3 月 7 日

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  1. 歡迎蒞臨 美國穀物協會 台灣區飼料工業同業公會 2012 年3月7日 1

  2. U.S Grains CouncilCorn Harvest Quality Report2011/122011/12年美國玉米收穫時之品質報告 台北福華大飯店 2012年3月7日

  3. Quality, Reliability, Transparency • U.S. Grains Council • 美國穀物協會: • Building Partnerships Based on Trust 基於信賴以建立伙伴關係 • Bridge to World’s Largest, Most Reliable Grain Supply 扮演橋樑的角色導引至全球最大，最可信賴 之穀物供應國 • Corn Harvest Quality Report: • 美國玉米收穫時之品質報告 • Reliable Data 可信賴之數據 • Transparent Methodology 透明的方法 • Early Look at General Harvest Quality 早一點探討瞭解美國玉米收穫時之品質

  4. 2011 U.S. Corn Harvest Quality Report • First systematic survey of U.S. corn quality for export customers第一次有系統的為國外客戶進行美國玉米品質調查 • 474 samples from point of first delivery 從農民交貨點採集474個樣品 • Samples from 12 states that account for 98% of U.S. corn exports樣品來自12個州，代表美國玉米出口量的98% • Aggregate and 3 ‘Export Catchment Areas’ 3個出口匯集區 • Gulf 灣區 • Pacific Northwest 太平洋西北區 • Southern Rail 南方鐵路區

  5. U.S. Agricultural Statistical Districts美國農業統計區 Samples were collected from ASDs shown in WHITE 採集樣品地區係以白色標示的 “農業統計區”

  6. USGC Corn Quality “Export Catchment Areas” (ECA) 灣區(Gulf)ECA：經由美國灣區海港出口玉米的地區， 太平洋西北區(PNW) ECA：透過太平洋西北和加州港口出口玉米的地區， 南方鐵路區ECA：以鐵路出口玉米到墨西哥的地區。 Share of 2010 U.S. Exports 2010年出口百分比

  7. Harvest Quality Report • Uses samples from delivery to local elevator during harvest season 樣品係玉米收穫時被送到鄉村穀倉 • Provides information about initial quality of crop at harvest 提供玉米收穫時原始品質資訊 • Quality at export affected by many factors in the U.S. grain marketing system. 在美國穀物行銷制度中，出口玉米品質受很多因素影響 • Export Cargo Report will follow, reporting crop quality from samples at export points. 出口玉米品質報告即將推出，將提供在出口點的玉米品質資訊 • Builds understanding of what customers can expect 協助瞭解國外客戶將收到什麼品質的玉米

  8. Projected FUTURE schedule • Harvest Quality Report • December 2012 • 2012年12月提供 • 美國玉米收穫時之品質報告 • Export Cargo Quality Report • March 2013 • 2013年3月提供 • 美國玉米出口時之品質報告

  9. 2011 U.S. Corn Harvest Quality Report • Grading Factors 分級項目: • Test weight 容重 (容積重) • BCFM 破損玉米粒與夾雜物 • Damage 損壞粒 • Heat Damage 熱損壞粒 • Moisture 水份 • Chemical Composition 化學組成: • Protein 蛋白質 • Starch澱粉 • Oil 油份

  10. 2011 U.S. Corn Harvest Quality Report • Physical Factors 物理項目: • Stress cracks/stress crack index 胴裂(壓裂紋)/胴裂(壓裂紋)指數 • 100 kernel weight 100顆穀粒的重量(百粒重) • Kernel volume 穀粒體積 • True density 真實密度 • Whole kernels 完整穀粒 • Horneous (hard) endosperm角質(硬質)胚乳 • Qualitative Tests for Mycotoxins 黴菌毒素定性分析: • Aflatoxin 黃麴毒素 • DON 嘔吐毒素

  11. Summary of Test Results • Good test weight 容重 (容積重)高 • Good moisture levels 水份低 • Low stress cracks 胴裂(壓裂紋)少 • Low BCFM 破損玉米粒與夾雜物少 • High proportion whole kernels完整穀粒多 • High protein level (8.7%) 蛋白質高 • Low incidence of mycotoxins 黴菌毒素少 • Uniform quality across all geographic areas 各地區品質齊一

  12. Grading Factors 分級項目

  13. U.S. Corn Grades & Grade Requirements 容重， 英磅/英斗 熱損害粒， % 總損害粒， % 破損玉米粒 與夾雜物，%

  14. Test Weight – U.S. Units Test Weight (lb/bu) Export Catchment Area Average • Good test weight – • 58.1 lb/bu • Well-filled kernels • High % of hard endosperm 57.3 U.S. Aggregate Avg-58.1 lb/bu St Dev-1.49 lb/bu 58.5 58.3 • 容重高 --- • 58.1英磅/英斗， • 代表玉米粒飽滿， • 角質(硬質)胚乳含量高。 Aggregate Distribution (% of Samples) lb\bu

  15. Test Weight - Metric Test Weight (kg/hl) Export Catchment Area Average • Good test weight – • 74.8 kg/hl • Well-filled kernels • High % of hard endosperm 73.7 75.3 75.0 U.S. Aggregate Avg-74.8 kg/hl St Dev-1.92 kg/hl • 容重高 --- • 74.8 公斤/百公升， • 代表玉米粒飽滿， • 角質(硬質)胚乳含量高。 Aggregate Distribution (% of Samples) kg/hl

  16. Broken Corn and Foreign Material BCFM (%) Export Catchment Area Average • Low levels of BCFM (1%) 1.1 U.S. Aggregate 0.9 1.1 Avg-1.0% St Dev-0.65% 破損玉米粒與夾雜物低 (1%) Percent Aggregate Distribution (% of Samples)

  17. Broken Corn/Foreign MaterialMeasured as % by weight 夾雜物 FM 12/64” sieve 破裂玉米粒 12/64英吋篩網 BC 6/64” sieve 夾雜物 6/64英吋篩網 FM 破損玉米粒與夾雜物係以重量的百分比衡量。

  18. 美國總計的樣品破損粒平均為0.8% ，夾雜物0.2%。 Broken Corn Broken Corn (%) Export Catchment Area Average • Broken Corn: • Passes through 12/64” but not through 6/64” • U.S. Average: 0.8% 0.9 0.7 0.9 U.S. Aggregate Avg-0.8% St Dev-0.52% 破損玉米粒: 通過12/64英吋篩網但留在6/64英吋 篩網上， 美國的樣品破損粒平均為0.8% 。 Percent Aggregate Distribution (% of Samples)

  19. Foreign Material • Foreign material: • Non-corn material on top of 12/64” sieve AND everything passing through 6/64” sieve. • U.S. average 0.2% • 90% of samples <0.5% Foreign Material (%) 0.2 0.2 0.2 夾雜物: 留在12/64英吋篩網上的非玉米物品 與通過6/64英吋篩網的所有物品 美國的夾雜物平均為0.2% 90%的樣品的夾雜物小於0.5% U.S. Aggregate Avg-0.2% St Dev-0.20% Percent Aggregate Distribution (% of Samples)

  20. Total Damage • Low and uniform total damage. • Zero heat damage • 97.5% of all samples meet damage standard for US #2. Total Damage (%) 0.6 1.3 1.3 總損害穀粒百分比低且 很均一， 熱損壞穀粒為零， 97.5%樣品的總損害穀粒可歸列美國2級玉米。 U.S. Aggregate Avg-1.1% St Dev-0.92% Percent Aggregate Distribution (% of Samples)

  21. Moisture • Moisture is not a grading factor. • Average 15.6% moisture, low variability • Good field drying, • Less artificial drying required for storage. • 含水量不是分級項目， • 含水量平均為15.6% ，變異性低。 • 在田間即很乾燥 • 為貯存所需人工乾燥不多 Moisture (%) 14.7 14.9 16.0 U.S. Aggregate Avg-15.6% St Dev-1.56% Percent Aggregate Distribution (% of Samples)

  22. Chemical Composition Chemical Composition 化學成份分析

  23. Chemical Composition - Summary • Average protein content (8.7%) is influenced by genetics, crop yields and available nitrogen during the growing season. • 蛋白質平均為8.7%。 • 受到品種、單位面積生產量、以及生長期間 • 可用氮肥量的影響。

  24. Chemical Composition - Summary • Starch content (73.4%) was relatively high which in combination with observed high test weights indicates good kernel filling that should be good for all processing uses and feeding. • 澱粉含量平均為73.4% ，相對偏高， • 與平均容重都偏高代表玉米粒飽滿， • 有利於各式各樣的加工或飼料用途。

  25. Chemical Composition - Summary • Oil content (3.7%) was relatively constant across all export catchment areas. • 油份含量平均為3.7%， • 三個出口匯集區的油份含量一致。

  26. 軟質胚乳 種皮 胚芽 角質(硬質)胚乳 Courtesy of  K.D. Rausch, Ag & BiolEngr Dept., University of Illinois, Urbana, IL Other Physical Factors 尖冠 Physical Factors 物理性狀

  27. Physical Factors – Stress Cracks • Stress cracks (3%) reflects good harvest conditions, potential for: • 胴裂(壓裂紋)平均為3.0% ， • 表示收穫時情況良好，將有如下潛力: • Reduced breakage from handling; 玉米搬運時可降低破損的比率， • Good wet milling starch recovery, 濕磨時澱粉的回收多， • Good dry milling yields of flaking grits. 。 乾磨時粗碾碎片的產出量多。

  28. Physical Factors – Stress Cracks • Stress Crack Index (4.6) indicates only a small percent of kernels have multiple stress cracks. • 美國總計胴裂(壓裂紋)指數平均為4.6，顯示只有少數的胴裂穀粒有多道裂紋。

  29. Kernel Weight, Volume, Density • 100-Kernel Weight (33.11 grams) indicates large kernel size • 100顆穀粒的重量(百粒重)平均為33.11公克，顯示穀粒大。 • Kernel volume (0.26 cm3) is another indicator of well-filled kernels • 穀粒體積平均為0.26 立方公分，是玉米粒飽滿的 • 另一佐證。 • Kernel true densities (1.267 g/cm3) • 穀粒真實密度平均為1.267 公克/立方公分。 • Good for wet milling and feeding. • 有利於濕磨加工與飼料用途。

  30. Physical Properties – Part 3 • Initial whole kernel percentages (93.8%) in combination with the low stress cracks percentage (3%) provides indication of • 完整穀粒百分比平均為93.8%，與低胴裂(平均為 3.0%)表示: • Good storable corn 容易貯存 • Reduced breakage in handling. • 可降低操作運輸過程中的破損。

  31. Physical Properties – Part 3 • Horneous (hard) Endosperm (84%) on scale of 70-100 • 角質(硬質)胚乳百分比平均為84%，介於70%到100%的範圍內。 • Dry millers prefer >90% 乾磨業者偏好大於90%的 • Wet millers and feeders prefer 70-85% 濕磨業者與飼料業者偏好介於70%到85%的。

  32. U.S. Corn Production, Usage and Outlook Mycotoxins: Aflatoxin and DON 黴菌毒素︰黃麴毒素與嘔吐毒素

  33. Mycotoxin Testing Results • Naturally occurring compounds in grains • 在穀類中自然發生的化合物 • Pose health threat at elevated levels • 含量較高時會威脅健康 • Tested 95 samples for aflatoxin • 93 below Level of Detection (2.5 ppb) • 總計有95個樣品進行黃麴毒素檢測 • 其中93個樣品在2.5 ppb的檢測值之下。 • Tested 94 samples for DON • 74 below Level of Detection (0.5 ppm) • All samples below FDA advisory level of 5.0 ppm 總計有94個樣品進行嘔吐毒素檢測 其中有74個樣品在0.5 ppm的檢測值之下。 全部樣品都低於FDA的“建議等級”標準5.0 ppm。

  34. Other Components of the Harvest Quality Report 美國玉米收穫時品質報告之其他內容

  35. Other Features of the Report • Crop and Weather conditions • 玉米生長情形與天氣狀況 • US Corn Production, Usage and Outlook • 美國玉米之生產、使用和展望 • Survey and Statistical Analysis Methods • 調查和統計分析方法 • Testing Analysis Methods • 檢測分析方法

  36. Quality, Reliability, Transparency=Better Decision Making • First Report: Establishes Benchmark • 創刊號: 建立基準， • Annual Series: Transparent, Consistent Methodology to Enhance Data Over Time • 一年一次: 透明的、一致的方法，以建立長期的資料庫， • Export Cargo Report (April 2012) • 美國玉米出口品質報告 (2012年4月) ， • Goal: Build Confidence in Corn Availability and Quality; Enhance Food Security Through Trade • 目標: 建立買方對於美國玉米供應能力與品質的信任， • 經由貿易促進糧食安全， • When Trade Works, The World Wins • 當貿易順暢時，整個世界都會贏。

  37. Thank You 謝謝蒞臨敬請指教 美國穀物協會 台灣區飼料工業同業公會

  38. SUPPLEMENTAL SLIDES補充資料 US Grains Council Corn Harvest Quality Report 2011/12

  39. Protein Protein (%) Export Catchment Area Average • U.S. average 8.7% protein (dry basis) 8.5 9.1 8.7 Percent(Dry Basis) U.S. Aggregate Avg-8.7% St Dev-0.60% Aggregate Distribution (% of Samples)

  40. Starch Starch (%) Export Catchment Area Average Starch is inversely related to protein. • U.S. average 73.4% (dry basis) • Reflects good kernel maturation & filling, high kernel density 73.6 U.S. Aggregate Avg-73.4% St Dev-0.62% 73.1 73.5 Percent(Dry Basis) Aggregate Distribution (% of Samples)

  41. Oil • Essential feed component; important byproduct of wet and dry milling. • U.S. average 3.7% • Evenly distributed Oil (%) Export Catchment Area Average 3.6 3.7 3.7 U.S. Aggregate Avg-3.7% St Dev-0.31% Percent(Dry Basis) Aggregate Distribution (% of Samples)

  42. Stress Cracks • Internal fissures of hard endosperm • U.S. average 3.0% • 96.2% of samples with <10%. Stress Cracks (%) Export Catchment Area Average U.S. Aggregate 3 Avg-3.0% St Dev-3.0% 2 3 Percent Stress Cracks Distribution (% of Samples)

  43. Stress Cracks Index Stress Cracks Index (%) Export Catchment Area Average • Stress cracks index range 0 – 500 (50 kernel sample) • U.S. average 4.6 with 95.4% less than 20. • Indicates few kernels with multiple stress cracks. 5.2 2.9 4.6 U.S. Aggregate Avg-4.6 St Dev-6.0 Aggregate Stress Cracks Index Distribution (% of Samples)

  44. 100-k Weight 100-k Weight (g) 100 kernel weight (grams) • Higher score indicates larger kernel size. • U.S. average 33.11 g • More than 80% of samples had 100-k weight of 30.0 or greater. 31.27 33.66 33.39 U.S. Aggregate Avg-33.11 g St Dev-2.64 g Grams % of Samples

  45. Kernel Volume Kernel Volume (cm3) Export Catchment Area Average Kernel volume (in cm3) is indicative of growing conditions – lower volume results from difficult growing conditions. • U.S. average 0.26 cm3 • Uniformly distributed 0.25 0.26 0.26 U.S. Aggregate Avg-0.26 cm3 St Dev-0.02 cm3 cm3 U.S. Aggregate Distribution (% of Samples)

  46. Kernel True Density Kernel True Density (g/cm3) Export Catchment Area Average Kernel True Density (g/cm3) reflects kernel hardness • Related to genetics and growing conditions. • U.S. average 1.267 g/cm3 1.252 1.273 1.271 U.S. Aggregate Avg-1.267 g/cm3 St Dev-0.019 g/cm3 g/cm3 U.S. Aggregate Distribution (% of Samples)

  47. Whole Kernels Whole Kernels (%) Export Catchment Area Average “Whole kernels” is the weight of all whole kernels as a percentage of a 50 g sample. • ‘Broken Corn’ in BCFM measures only kernel SIZE, not whether it is broken or whole. • U.S. average ‘whole kernels’ is 93.8%. • 98% of samples had score of 90% or higher. 93.6 93.2 94.0 U.S. Aggregate Avg-93.8% St Dev-3.9% Percent Aggregate Distribution (% of Samples)

  48. Horneous (Hard) Endosperm Horneous Endosperm (%) Export Catchment Area Average • Horneous Endosperm measures the percent of the endosperm that is horneous or hard in a range from 70 – 100%. • Harder corn for dry milling; • Softer for wet milling and feed. • U.S. average 84%. 84 U.S. Aggregate 83 85 Avg-84% St Dev-5% Percent Aggregate Distribution (% of Samples)

  49. U.S. Corn Production, Usage and Outlook U.S. Corn Production, Supply & Demand Outlook

  50. U.S. Corn Production and Yield P=Projected

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