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Antiparkinsonian Agents

Antiparkinsonian Agents. Ch 14. Parkinson’s Disease. Progressive, onset @ 45-65 y.o. d/t imbalance between dopamine & acetylcholine Symptoms: Slowed movement Rigidity = cogwheel Tremors – includes pillrolling Postural instability. Drug Effects. Increases body’s supply of Dopamine

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Antiparkinsonian Agents

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  1. Antiparkinsonian Agents Ch 14

  2. Parkinson’s Disease • Progressive, onset @ 45-65 y.o. • d/t imbalance between dopamine & acetylcholine • Symptoms: • Slowed movement • Rigidity = cogwheel • Tremors – includes pillrolling • Postural instability

  3. Drug Effects • Increases body’s supply of Dopamine • Interferes with Acetylcholine levels • Restores balance & stops symptoms

  4. Medications • MAO Inhibitors • Eldepryl = Selegiline • Slows the breakdown of Dopamine • Used with Levodopa • Exogenous Dopamine • Levodopa • Levodopa-carbidopa • Replaces low levels of dopamine

  5. Meds, cont’d • Amantadine • Causes release of more dopamine • Also keeps dopamine available • Anticholinergics • Block acetylcholine

  6. Side Effects • Dry mouth • Palpitations • Agitation/anxiety • Severe Hypertension if taking MAOI & eat cheese, red wine, beer, yogurt

  7. Psychotherapeutic Agents Ch 15

  8. Mental Illness • 3 types • Affective = mood disorders • Psychoses = severe emotional disorder • Anxiety = sense of dread or fear

  9. Anxiolytics • Benzodiazepines • Valium = diazepam • Ativan = lorazepam • Antihistamines • Hydroxyzine = vistaril & atarax

  10. Anxiolytics, cont’d • Side Effects • Drowsiness, blurred vision • GI upset

  11. Antimanic • Treat manic-depressive disorder = bipolar • Lithium • Valproic acid = depakene

  12. Antimanics, cont’d • Mechanism of action is unclear • Increase amount of MAO transmitters more dopamine & serotonin

  13. Antidpresssants • Prozac • Paxil • Zoloft • Desyrel • Alter use of serotonin in body

  14. Antidepressants, cont’d • Side Effects • Weight loss • Sweating • Sexual dysfunction

  15. Antipsychotic Agents • Treat • Psychoses • Schizophrenia • Autism

  16. Antipsychotics, cont’d • Phenothiazines • Largest group of antipsychotics • Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) was the 1st discovered • Similar to antihistamines • Block reception of Dopamine • Do not cure, only control symptoms

  17. Antipsychotics, cont’d • Side Effects • Postural hypotension • Sedation • Blurred vision • Parkinson-like symptoms

  18. Precautions • Do NOT take MAOI meds with alcohol, yeast, yogurt products • Do NOT abruptly stop antidepressents – must wean off • When starting, It may take up to 2 – 4 weeks to reach therapeutic level • Caffeine limits effectiveness of meds

  19. Central Nervous System Stimulants Ch 16

  20. Effect • Work on specific areas of brain • Suppress appetite • Treat ADD & ADHD • Treat narcolepsy • Treat migraine headache

  21. amphetamines • Treat narcolepsy & ADD • Increase mental alertness • Decrease fatigue • Highly addictive

  22. amphetamines, cont’d • Examples • Adderall • Ritalin

  23. analeptics • Stimulate respiration • High abuse potential • Examples • Caffeine • Aminophylline • Theophylline

  24. anorexiants • Suppress appetite • Treat obesity • Examples • Didrex • Tenuate

  25. Serotonin agonists • Treat migraines headaches • Constrict brain blood vessels • Decrease inflammatory response • Example • Imitrex • Zomig

  26. Side Effects • Insomnia • Palpitations • Nervousness • Increased metabolism • N-V-D, dry mouth • Diuresis

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