Implementing a Sentient Computing System

1. Implementing a Sentient Computing System Presented by: Jing Lin , Vishal Kudchadkar , Apurva Shah

2. Sentient Computing Systems • Sentient computing systems are systems which can change their behavior based on a model of the environment they construct using sensor data. • Sentient computing systems may hold the key to managing tomorrow’s device-rich mobile networks.

3. Implementing a Sentient System: Active Bat (1) • Location sensing

4. Implementing a Sentient System: Active Bat (2) • Current Embodiment • Accuracy and Precision • 95% of 3D Bat position readings are accurate to within 3cm • Maximum Location update rate across each radio cell • 150 updates per second

5. Implementing a Sentient System: Active Bat (3) • Scheduling and power saving • The scheduling process allows the Bat to enter a low-power sleep state. • A 10-bit local ID is used to achieve shorter addressing message and power saving. • Nonmoving Bats are placed into a low-power sleep state.

6. Modeling the Environment • Use data from sensors and from services • Filter the incoming location data using knowledge of tracked objects’ dynamics • Update the world model using filtered data • Increase fidelity of the model by determining if someone appears to be seated

7. Software Support for Sentient Systems • Spatial monitor Formalizes imprecise spatial relationships in terms of containment and overlapping relationships between suitable 2D spaces • Timeline-based data storage Data generated by network appliances should be stored in a way that does not require the user to specify its destination.

8. Applications (1) • Browsing • Model browsers display the environment’s current state, e.g., continuously updated map displaying personnel, furniture, telephones, workstations and other relevant information • Follow-me Systems • Services are made ubiquitously available to “users” by moving their interfaces to the nearest appropriate input or output device

9. Applications (2) • Novel user interfaces • Mice • Virtual buttons • Augmented reality • Data Creation , Storage and Retrieval.

10. Future • Sentient computing is more than a solution to the problems of configuration and personalization. • The environment itself will become the user interface.

11. Limitations • Active Bat requires a large fixed-sensor infrastructure throughout the ceiling. • The system is sensitive to the precise placement of sensors. • Therefore, there are disadvantages in scalability, ease of deployment, and cost.

13. Location Systems For Ubiquitous Computing By Vishal Kudchadkar ,Jing Lin , Apurva Shah

14. Introduction • New mobile systems will need to know the location of the things. • Location sensing techniques ….. • Triangulation : uses of multiple measurements from known points to find the location • Proximity : measure nearness from known points • Scene analysis : exam a view from particular vantage point

15. Location • Physical Location and Symbolic Location • Symbolic Location encompasses abstract ideas of where something is. • Absolute versus Relative • In absolute system a frame of reference is shared by all the objects. • In a relative system each object will have it’s own frame of reference • An absolute location can be transformed into a relative location – relative to a second point of reference

16. Localized Location Computing • Some systems have location computing capability and insist that they compute their own locations and hence can protect their privacy. • Some systems require objects to periodically respond to a broadcast to tell their position to the system.

17. Qualities of a Positioning system • Accuracy and Precision: The distance or grain-size denotes the accuracy. Sensor fusion can help improve accuracy. We generally determine the accuracy of the system by checking if it is suitable for the application • Scale : Consider coverage as the area per unit of infrastructure and the number of objects the system can locate per unit area.

18. Qualities of a Positioning system • Recognition : Applications may take specific action depending on the location of the object and hence location recognition is needed in such systems • Cost : Time Cost includes time to install and setup the system and Space cost is the space the system requires • Limitations : Systems may not function in a specific environment.

19. Survey of Location Systems • Active Bridge, • Active Bat, • Cricket, • Radar • MotionStar magnetic tracker, • Easy Living, • Smart Floor • E911 are discussed in the paper. We will present one of the systems in detail in the following paper.

20. Research Directions • Sensor Fusion: • Defined as the use of multiple sensor technologies to create hierarchical and overlapping levels of sensing • Ad hoc Location sensing : • This method uses techniques to locate objects without the use of a central information center or a browser • In this method of locating objects , the nearby objects share information to build about the system

21. Research Directions (Contd.) • Ad hoc Location sensing : • Triangulation, scene analysis or proximity location sensing methods are used • Location – sensing system accuracy

22. Strength And Weaknesses • Strength • A good introductory paper on location systems. • It compares pros and cons of various location systems. • Provides a taxonomy which can be used to evaluate the suitability of a location system. • Weakness • This paper addresses only hardware issues but fails to address software issues.