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1. Head and Neck Cancer Treatment- 100% Head and neck cancer is a group of disorders that begin on the surfaces of the head and neck. As you may know, cancer is the uncontrolled growth of cells in a tissue or organ. This type of cancer develops in parts like the voice box, mouth, and throat. Mainly, the following regions can get affected: Air-filled spaces in the skull around your nose ● Tissues behind and inside your nose ● Pharynx (the back portion of your mouth and throat) ● Tongue, gums, or other spaces in your mouth ● Salivary glands (the glands that make saliva) ● Larynx (voice box) ● Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type of head and neck cancer. It develops in the squamous cells of the mouth, nose, and throat. Squamous cells are thin cells that form the tissues lining the surface of certain hollow organs, the skin, and the respiratory tract.

2. Scientific advancements in cancer have bought a number of therapies for managing and treating head and neck cancer. But before that, it is important to diagnose the condition at its earliest. Some people experience signs of cancer and go for related tests. Whereas others don’t see any changes until the second or third stage. If the symptoms of head and neck cancer occur, they may include: A new lump or sore that doesn’t heal ● Difficulty in hearing ● Difficulty or pain in swallowing food ● Pain in the teeth ● Persistent pain in the throat ● Pain in the ears ● Sinus infection ● Unusual bleeding in the teeth ● Swelling in the jaw ● Unexplained patches in the mouth ● Sudden weight loss ● Fatigue and fever ● Difficulty in breathing ● If such symptoms are caught, diagnostic processes like blood/urine tests, endoscopy, imaging tests (MRI, CT Scan, and X-Ray), biopsy. Once your oncologist determines the stage and severity of the tumor, your cancer treatment plan will be prepared as per the following: Your medical history ● Availability of drugs and therapies in your country ● Your personal preference ● Surgery Surgery is one of the main cancer treatments. It is a procedure that involves the removal of the cancerous tumor along with some nearby tissues or cells. Laser therapy: This therapy involves the use of an intense beam of light to ● remove the diseased cells and nearby tissues. Laser therapy is undertaken usually at

3. the early stages of cancer. A proper wavelength of light is selected for the tumor removal. The major drawback of treatment using lasers includes swelling at the site of surgery and sensitivity to light. Excision: It is a surgical procedure that involves the direct removal of cancer ● cells from the suspected part with some surrounding tissues. In rare cases, an excision can lead to skin pigment changes and permanent scars. Lymph node or neck dissection: This is a process of removal of lymph nodes of ● the neck that contain cancer. Anesthesia is given before the lymph node dissection for temporary loss of awareness and sense. Some individuals may develop moderate pain in the neck, specifically near the collarbone, for some days after the procedure. Radiation Therapy Radiation therapy for head and neck cancer treatment involves the use of high-energy x-rays and similar particles to destroy diseased (cancerous) cells. This therapy includes a predetermined number of sessions to completely get rid of cancer. The following are the two types of radiation therapy. External beam radiation therapy: It involves the delivery of rays from an external ● (distant) source to the cancer site. For deeper cancer, high-energy beams may be used. Internal beam radiation therapy: This therapy involves the delivery of x-rays ● through an internal source. Sometimes, the source may also be inserted directly into the cancer tumor. Medicines In more than half of cancer cases, medicines are used for the treatment. There is no such drug that completely destroys cancer cells in one go. But, different classes of medicines perform strong functions either against the tumor or the substances that regulate its growth. Chemotherapy It is a type of cancer therapy that comprises the use of drugs like Cisplatin, Paclitaxel, Gemcitabine, etc. Chemotherapy medicines work by killing cancer cells in the body. They hinder the growth and division of diseased cells and lead to apoptosis (programmed cell death) eventually. Targeted Therapy Targeted therapy for head and neck cancer is characterized by the use of drugs like Larotrectinib, Cetuximab, etc. These medications work by turning off the signals that aid in the growth of cancer cells. They hinder the multiplication process and destroy the existing cells that are cancerous.

4. Immunotherapy Head and neck cancer can be treated using drugs belonging to the category of immunotherapy. These include medicines like Keytruda (Pembrolizumab), Opdivo (Nivolumab), etc. Such drugs work by boosting the natural defenses of your immune system to fight against cancer. Immunotherapy medicines prepare your body to destroy the tumor completely. If you are diagnosed with head and neck cancer, see a doctor and know what’s the best treatment option for you.