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The Protestant Reformation

The Protestant Reformation. 1517. The Three Branches of Christianity. One Church – The Five Patriarchs 1054 The Great Schism – Filioque , St. Peter, Greek/Latin Eastern (Greek) Orthodox Roman Catholic 1517 – Protestant Reformation. Indulgences. Sin Temporal versus eternal punishment

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The Protestant Reformation

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  1. The Protestant Reformation 1517

  2. The Three Branches of Christianity • One Church – The Five Patriarchs • 1054 The Great Schism – Filioque, St. Peter, Greek/Latin • Eastern (Greek) Orthodox • Roman Catholic • 1517 – Protestant Reformation

  3. Indulgences • Sin • Temporal versus eternal punishment • Penance • Abuse of indulgences • Leo X and St. Peter’s Basilica • Sixtus IV – indulgences for the dead • Tetzel -  "As soon as a coin in the coffer rings / the soul from purgatory springs"

  4. Pre-reformers • Jan Hus – Bohemian, protested indulgences, immorality in clergy, burned at stake • John Wycliffe – translator of Bible into English

  5. Martin Luther • German monk • Philip Melancthon • 1517 – 95 Theses in Wittenburg • Still Catholic • Gutenburg’s printing press

  6. John Calvin • Moved to Geneva from France • Resisted papal authority • Set up own society in Geneva - 1535 • No mass, no monasteries, no longer Catholic, no singing except Psalms

  7. The Counter Reformation • 1517 - Oratory of Divine Love • 1545 – Council of Trent called by Pope Paul III • Monastic reforms, stricter rules • Established Jesuits – militant missionaries (Ignatius Loyola) • Inquisition – weed out heresies • List of heretical texts

  8. Ignatius Loyola • Basque • knight, mystical experiences • Became monk, traveled to Jerusalem • Returned during Counter-Reformation • Wrote Spiritual Exercises • Highly intellectual and ascetic • Founded Jesuits – active missionaries

  9. Political dimensions • Northern Europe and Scandinavia turned Lutheran • Southern, Central and Western Europe remained mainly Roman Catholic • Eastern Orthodox did not experience a reformation • German-speaking lands in HRE were the first battleground • Charles V and the Schmalkaldic League • 1555 – Peace of Augsburg • Only protected Lutherans, not Anabaptists or Calvinists

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