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Art of the Middle Ages: From Barbarian to Carolingian

Explore the art and culture of the Middle Ages, spanning from the barbarian art of the Franks and Vikings to the refined Carolingian style. Discover the rich symbolism, religious themes, and intricate craftsmanship that characterized this era.

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Art of the Middle Ages: From Barbarian to Carolingian

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  1. The Middle Ages – c. 814

  2. Middle Ages Era • 481 CE – First Catholic King Clovis unites the Franks – forms Frankish Kingdom in Gaul – establishes the Merovingian Dynasty • 6th century CE – Pope Gregory the Great implements chant as the standard form of church music – calls it plainchant (later called Gregorian Chant) • 600 – 1050 CE – Period called the Early Middle Ages • 750 CE – The first English Epic poem – Beowulf – is written • 750 CE – Irish monks produce the Book of Kells

  3. Middle Ages Era • 800 CE – Charlemagne is crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope on Christmas Day – start of Holy Roman Empire • 871 CE – Alfred the Great unifies England and writes first code of laws for English people • 11th century CE – Song of Roland is written in France – one of earliest French written poems – national epic of France • 1050 – 1200 CE – Medieval Era also called Romanesque Era in Art History

  4. Romanesque Era • 11th – 14th century CE – Troubadours appear in Provence (southern France) and spread through Europe – singing songs and telling stories of epic romances and chivalry (Holy Grail, etc) • 1066 CE – William the Conqueror invades and conquers England from Normandy (France) • 1079 CE – Scholasticism develops as new form of philosophy combining Aristotle with Medieval thought • 12th century CE – pilgrimage routes are established throughout Europe and the Holy Land for people to visit Holy sights and relics

  5. Middle Ages Art Characteristics • Decayed style • Faulty proportions (arms, legs, head too large) • Focus on symbol not style • Focus on the power of the Church • Religious themes (mainly Christian)

  6. Barbarian Art

  7. Frankish (Merovingian) Looped Fibula France 6th - 7th Centuriessilver gilt worked in filigree with inlays of garnets and other stones4 in. long Merovingian art is a combination of French and German styles

  8. Briton/Dane Art • Purse Cover • 7th century CE • Sutton Hoo, England • Animal pattern • Man with animals on either side and birds in middle • Ivory background with garnet, gold and enamel

  9. Sutton Hoo Ship Burial and Artifacts

  10. Burial Ship Oseberg, Norwayca. 825wood75 1/2 ft. long Viking rulers were usually buried in their ships

  11. Animal-Head Post Oseberg, Norwayca. 825woodapproximately 5 in. high Intricate woodwork is typical of Norse art

  12. Cross and Carpet pageLindisfarne Gospels Northumbria, England ca. 698 - 721 tempera on vellum13 1/2 x 9 1/4 in. Artist: Eadfrith Interwining so intricate almost impossible to tell that some of the shapes are animals Sort of a sacred riddle

  13. Chi-rho-iota page Iona, Scotland 800 CE From the Book of Kells Created on Scottish island by Irish monks Considered the masterpiece of illuminated manuscripts

  14. High Cross of Muiredach (east side) Monasterboice, Ireland ca. 92316 ft. high Typical of Celtic weaving

  15. Middle Ages Art • Interior of Palace Chapel • 792 – 805 CE • Aachen, Germany • Artist: Odo of Metz • Palace of Charlemagne • Built on plans of Constantine’s Lateran Basilica to show Charlemagne’s power and attachment to Rome

  16. Palace Chapel of Charlemagne

  17. Equestrian portrait of Charlemagne(?) from Metz, France early 9th centurybronze, originally gilt9 1/2 in. high Gold has worn off

  18. St. MatthewCoronation Gospels Aachen, Germany ca. 800-810ink and tempera on vellum12 3/4 x 10 in. This Bible was made to commemorate His coronation as Holy Roman Emperor

  19. Saint MatthewEbbo Gospels Hautvillers, France ca. 816 - 835ink and tempera on vellum10 1/4 x 8 3/4 in. Almost modern art like

  20. Psalm 44 of the Utrecht Psalter Hautvillers, France (near Reims) ca. 820 - 835ink on vellum1 ft. 1 in. x 9 7/8 in. Hautvillers was the most prolific scriptorium in Europe

  21. Middle Ages Art • Abbey Church of St. Riquier • 799 CE • St. Riquier, France • Artist: Abbot Angilbert • Part of Monastery of Centula • 3 major buildings in monastery were all connected by a covered walkway

  22. Middle Ages ArtPlan of a monastery

  23. Middle Ages Art • Front Cover from Lindau Gospels • 870 CE • Lindau, Germany • Also made at Reims scriptorium • Gold work with encrusted jewels • Masterpiece of gold work

  24. Torhalle (gatehouse) Lorsch, Germany 9th century Typical Carolingian style architecture

  25. Abbey Church of St. Michael’s Hildesheim, Germany ca. 1001-1031 Interior is considered masterpiece of Ottonian Art

  26. Abbey Church of St. Michael’s Hildesheim, Germany ca. 1001-1031

  27. Gero Crucifix commissioned by Archbishop Gero Cologne Cathedral, Germanyca. 970painted wood6 ft. 2 in. high Considered early middle ages sculptural masterpiece

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