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Atmosphere/Winds

Atmosphere/Winds . 500km. EXOSPHERE. Ionosphere - Layer of electrically charged particles. 250 – 300 Km. 85km. 50km. 10km. Jet Streams. 5 to 90 o C. 65 to 0 o C. 10 to 75 o C. 90 to 10 o C. TROPOSHPERE. STRATOSPHERE. Atmosphere Temperatures & Depth. MESOPSHERE. THERMOSPHERE.

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Atmosphere/Winds

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  1. Atmosphere/Winds

  2. 500km EXOSPHERE Ionosphere- Layer of electrically charged particles. 250 – 300 Km. 85km 50km 10km Jet Streams 5 to 90o C 65 to 0o C 10 to 75o C 90 to 10o C TROPOSHPERE STRATOSPHERE Atmosphere Temperatures & Depth MESOPSHERE THERMOSPHERE

  3. Sun warms air EXOSPHERE Coolest part Little water vapor Ozone -20 - 50 km Absorbs heat from sun 75% of gases Satellites Airplanes Space shuttle Radio waves Weather balloons Dust, Water & Ice X-15 Aircraft Weather & Clouds Auroras TROPOSHPERE STRATOSPHERE Atmosphere Facts MESOSPHERE THERMOSPHERE

  4. OXYGEN 21% Trace Gases Argon - .93% CO2- .034 Neon - .00182 Helium - .00052 Methane - .00015 Krypton - .000114 Hydrogen - .00005 NITROGEN 78% TRACE GASES 1% COMPOSITION OF ATMOSHPERE

  5. Coriolis Effect • World’s major wind systems are created when air moving • across the surface is deflected either eastward/westward • due to the Coriolis Effect. Creates world weather patterns. • Atmospheric circulation is powered by energy of the Sun. • Polar Easterlies - East to West • Westerlies - West to East - opposite of trade winds • Responsible for weather in the U.S. & Canada • Trade winds - East to West • Steady winds create route for sailors in North • Doldrums - Windless zone • Air seems motionless • Hot air rises - less dense - moves straight up

  6. POLAR EASTERLIES 60 O WESTERLIES Jet Streams 30 O Jet Streams TRADE WINDS 10 O DOLDRUMS EQUATOR 0 O DOLDRUMS 10 O Jet Streams TRADE WINDS 30 O Jet Streams WESTERLIES 60 O POLAR EASTERLIES Jet Streams

  7. SMALLER SYSTEMS WHICH CREATE LOCAL WEATHER - by convection currents • Sea Breezes DAY • Created during day because solar radiation, warms the land more than the water. • Air over land heated by conduction. • Heated air becomes less dense - goes up because of cooler denser air moving from ocean, convections currents result. Sea by Night COOL AIR SINKS WARM AIR RISES LAND BREEZE COOL AIR SINKS WARM AIR RISES • LAND BREEZES - NIGHT • Smaller systems which create local weather, caused by convection currents. • Air over land is heated by conduction. • Land warms and cools more rapidly than water. SEA BREEZE Sea by Day

  8. RADIATIONwarms the surface. The air near Earth’s surface is heated by CONDUCTION. Cooler air pushes warm air upward, creating a CONVECTION CURRENTS. Transfer of HEAT within Earth’s atmosphere.

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