Policy Process

1. Policy Process

2. Learning objectives • To explain policy process • To analyze roles of leaders in policy process

3. Policy Process • Policy Formulation • Agenda Setting • i. Problem • ii. Possible solutions • iii Political Circumstance • Development of Legislation • Policy Implementation • Policy Modification Window of Opportunity

4. Agenda Setting • Problems (indicators, events, crisis, preferences, trends, etc) • Uninsured, Tsunami • Possible Solutions • Alternative possible solutions to problem • Political Circumstances • Coupled with interest groups (Lobbying, Electioneering, Shaping public opinion), The influential role of Chief Executives (Prime Minister, Governors)

5. Development of legislation • Bills • Law enacment • Regulations

6. Rulemaking Operation Policy Implementation Policy Modification • Feedback from individuals, organization, and interest groups, and performance and impact of policy

7. A Model of the Public Policymaking Process Preference of individuals, organizations, and interest groups, along with biological, culture, demographic, ecological, economic, ethical, legal, psychological, social, and technological inputs Bridged by pormal Enactment Of legislation POLICY FORMULARION PHASE POLICY IMPLEMENTATION PHASE POLICY Agenda setting • Problems • Possible Solutions • Political Circumstances Development Of Legislation Rulemaking Operation Window of Opportunity POLICY MODIFICATION PHASE feedback Feedback from individuals, organizations, and interest groups experiencing The consequences of polices, combine with the assessment of the performance and impact of policies by those who formulate and implement them, influence future Policy formulation and implementation ( Beaufort & Longest, 2002 )

8. Medical Hub Policy in Thailand • In 2004 Thailand set out a strategic policy to become the “Medical Hub of Asia,” and since then it has become a world leader in medical services. • Thailand’s medical services benefit from first-rate technological infrastructure with resulting quality of services. • Many private Thai hospitals have received significant praise for their high level offerings.

9. Medical Hub Policy in Thailand • The main objective is to encourage health establishments in Thailand to raise the standards of their services at all levels. • Another objective is to enhance the competitiveness of Thailand, • Thaialnd has several strengths in terms of experienced health personnel, modern facilities and equipment, hospitality, excellent services, and reasonable prices.

10. Actors • Individuals • Government ( MOPH, MOE, MOF etc) • Private sectors (Spa business, startups) • NGOs • International NGOs • Pressure groups • Funding organizations

11. Participation in policy process • The official policy-maker • The legislature • The executives • The courts • The civil servants

12. Participation in policy process (Cont.) • The unofficial participants • Interest group/Stakeholders • Political party • Individuals

13. Roles of leaders to influence and drive the policy

14. Political competence • Definition: “possession of the dual abilities to effectively analyze and influence the public policy making process” • Roles in Analyzing public policy environment • Roles in Influencing public policy environment

15. Roles in Analyzing public policy environment • Classify and organize complex information • Identify and assess current policy that do or will effect their organizationsor at national level • Link information about policies to the objectives and strategies of their organizations

16. Roles in Influencing public policy environment • Policy Formulation • Agenda Setting by defining and documenting problems, developing and evaluating solutions, shaping political circumstances through lobbying • Development of Legislation by participating in drafting legislation, testifying at legislative hearings • Policy Implementation by providing formal comments on draft rules, serving or providing inputs to rulemaking advisory bodies • Policy Modification by documenting the case for modification through operational experience and evaluations

17. Roles of Leadership at National level • Develop relationships and positive partnership with legislators • Create partnerships among nursing leaders and the other agencies • Learn the skills of constituency building and citizen participation techniques • Create policy agenda • Encourage cooperation in nursing profession

18. Barriers to effectiveness • Gender issues • Skills training in policy development • Political power associated with policy development

19. Barriers to effectiveness • Ability to use research to influence policy making • Inadequate knowledge in policy making process, public agenda setting • Leadership competency

20. Policy Development: Medical Hub in Thailand • Key government entities shaping the policy • the Ministry of Public Health (MOH) • The Ministry of Commerce (MOC) • The third agency involved in the policy process was the Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) • Bargaining for a medical hub policy • Thailand’s medical hub policy was the product of negotiations among involved parties. • Different stakeholders in the public and private sectors and the civil society sphere bargained with one another to arrive at the agreed terms.

21. Conclusion • Policy is a set of objectives set by the government relating to the general health and welfare of the public and actions taken to accomplish it. • The policy process is the manner in which public policy is formed, implemented and evaluated

22. Good Bye