Animalia

1. 007 Animalia

2. Kingdom Animalia Eukaryotic Multicellular organisms True tissues. Heterotrophic nutrition

3. Kingdom Animalia Most exhibit significant capacity for locomotion. Cells not surrounded by cell walls. Includes sponges, sea anemones, snails, insects, sea stars, fish, reptiles, birds, and human beings.

4. Eukaryotic Animal Cell Typical Animal Cell

5. Phylogentic Relationships of Animals Platyhelminthes Porifera Mollusca Chordata Arthropoda Annelida Cnideria Nematoda Echinodermata pseudocoelom segmentation acoelom Protostome: schizocoelem Deuterostomes: eucoelom radial symmetry bilateral symmetry no true tissues true tissue Ancestral Protist

6. Phylum Porifera

7. Phylum Porifera Class Hexactinellida Class Calcaria Class Desmospongia Class Sclerospongia Boring sponge Purple and yellow tube sponge

8. Characteristics • No true tissues or organs • No symmetry • No nerves or muscles • Sessile • Reproduce sexually and asexually • Skeletons composed of CaCO3 or SiO2 spicules or spongin • Filter feeders

9. Skeletal Structure • Consists of organized cells supported by a skeleton of: • spongin fibers • calcareous spicules • silica spicules • a combination of these, or perhaps no skeletal structure at all

10. No Gut SpongesPhylum Porifera

11. Predators • A few species of fish • seaslugs • hawks bill and loggerhead turtles • Can use toxins to ward off predators

12. Refuge • Sponges provide habitat for wide variety of animals. • As many as 16,000 different species of animals have been found in one loggerhead sponge.

13. Phylum Cnidaria Class Hydrozoa Class Scyphozoa Class Cubozoa Class Anthozoa Hydra Portuguese Man-Of-War Stinging Limu Fire Coral True jellyfish Box jellies Sea wasps Corals Anemones

14. Phylum Cnidaria Stinging cells & 2 stages in life cycle Radial symmetry Tissues and organs Diploblastic Mouth and digestive cavity (blind sac gut) 9,000 species

15. Class Hydrozoa Close Up of a Portuguese Man-Of-War

16. Class Scyphozoa

17. Class Cubozoa Seawasp Box Jellies

18. Subclass Zoantharia Order Actinaria Sea Anemones Class Anthozoa

19. Subclass Hexacorallia Order Antipatheria Black Coral & Wire Coral Class Anthozoa Black coral Wire coral

20. Class Anthozoa “True” Stony Corals lobe finger mushroom Porites rus

21. Phylum Ctenophora • Diploblastic • 8 rows or combs of cillia • Colloblasts- adhesive structures • Hydrostatic skeleton • Blind sack gut

22. Phylum Platyhelminthes

23. Phylum Platyhelminthes Flatworms Blind digestive cavity Bilaterally symmetrical Thin, simple circulation Sensory organs at front Many parasitic 10,000 species

24. Pharynx Class Turbellaria Flatworm Anatomy Fig. 33-10 Gastrovascular cavity Mouth Eyespots Ganglia Ventral nerve cords

25. Feeding

26. Camouflage flatworm nudibranch

27. Toxins • Staurosporine • Tetrodoxin

28. Hawaiian Flatworms Pseudoceros cf. rubroanus Pseudoceros ferrugineus Planocera cf. oligoglena Pseudoceros dimidiatus Pseudobiceros sp.

29. Phylum Nematoda

30. Phylum Nematoda Roundworms Primitive body cavity Gut & Anus No circulatory system Nervous system Very successful- well adapted to every ecosystem Many are parasites 500,000? species

31. Phylum Nematoda

32. Phylum Annelida Class Oligochaeta Class Polychaeta Class Hirudinea earthworms marine worms leaches

33. Hawaii Fan worms (feather duster) Spaghetti worms Sabellastarte sanctijosephi Lanice conchilega Christmas tree worm Fireworm Eurythoe complanata Spirobranchus giganteus

34. Phylum Mollusca Class Polyplacophora Class Gastropoda Class Bivalvia Class Cephalopoda chitons Snails nudibranchs Squid Octopus Cuttlefish Nautilus clams More than 500,000 known species

35. Phylum Mollusca Well developed circulatory system Nervous system with brain Some with good eyes

36. Body Plan • Three main parts: • Muscular foot- for movement • Visceral mass- contains most of the internal organs • Mantle cavity- houses gills

37. Generalized Mollusc Anatomy mantle visceral mass foot

38. Feeding Types • Grazers (radula- scraping tongue) • Filter feeding • Egg eaters • Active predation

39. Class Gastropoda Subclass Opithistobranchia Spanish Dancer (nudibranch) & egg mass

40. Class Gastropoda Subclass Prosobranchia Cone shell Opihi Cowery Triton’s trumpet periwinkle

41. Class Polyplacophora

42. Class Bivalvia

43. Class Cephalopoda Day octopus

44. Class Cephalopoda

45. Octopus Intelligence

46. Mimic octopus from Indonesia flatfish Sea snake lionfish

47. Blue-ringed octopus Highly venomous

48. Phylum Arthropoda

49. Phylogeny of Arthropods Arthropoda Annelids (worms) Onychophorans (worms w/legs) Chelicerates (spiders) Crustaceans (lobsters) Insects (butterflies) Trilobites (extinct) Worm-like Ancestor

50. Phylum Arthropoda Insects, crabs, spiders, barnacles Most species; 80% are insects Hard chitin exoskeleton (must shed to grow) Circulatory system with blood, heart 10,000,000? species