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Intro to Molecular Compounds

Learn about molecular compounds, the smallest electrically neutral units of substances, composed of two or more non-metallic atoms. Discover their properties, such as low melting/boiling points and poor conductivity, and understand the importance of a naming system for binary molecular compounds. Practice naming and writing formulas for various compounds.

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Intro to Molecular Compounds

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  1. Intro to Molecular Compounds • Molecule – smallest electrically neutral unit of a substance that still has the properties of the substance • . . . Basically they are 2 or more non-metallic atomsthat act as a unit Water Molecules

  2. Properties of Molecular Compounds • Tend to have low melting / boiling points • Many exist as gas / liquid at room temp. • Poor conductors of electricity Example: CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) I love molecular formulas!

  3. Te At Binary Molecular Compounds – Compounds composed of twononmetallic elements.

  4. Important nonmetallic elements that exist as diatomic molecules • Hydrogen H2 • Oxygen O2 • Fluorine F2 • Bromine Br2 • Iodine I2 • Nitrogen N2 • Chlorine Cl2 I’m Mr.HOFBrINCl

  5. Naming Binary Molecular Compounds

  6. Why is a naming system important? Carbon and oxygen combine to form carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2), but these two invisible gases are very different. Sitting in a room with small amounts of CO2 in the air would not present any problems. If the same amount of CO were in the room, you could die of asphyxiation. A naming system that distinguishes between compounds is needed.

  7. Naming Binary Molecular Compounds • Use prefixes – these tell how many atoms of each element are present in each molecule My dear tricky twin puts hexes haphazardly on naughty demons Darn you, you tricky twin!

  8. Te At Notes to Know: The element with more metallic character is named first (the one closer to the stair-step). Example: CO not OC Change the ending of the second element to “ide” O2F2 = Dioxygen difluoride (NOT Dioxygen difluorine) NEVER reduce the subscripts!!

  9. Notes to know: Do not write “mono” if there is only 1 of the first element CO2 = Carbon dioxide (NOT Monocarbon dioxide) SF2 = Sulfur difluoride (NOT Monosulfur difluoride) Did I mention... NEVER, EVER reduce the subscripts of molecules!!!

  10. For those who care about spelling... When a prefix is added that places two vowels next to each other, the ‘a’ or ‘o’ on the prefix is dropped. The ‘i’ in ‘di-’ or ‘tri’ is never dropped. CO = carbon monoxide NOT carbon monooxide Br2O8= dibromine octoxide NOT dibromine octaoxide BI3 = boron triiodide NOT boron triodide

  11. Practice Write the correct name/formula for: • PCl5 • S2Br6 • BN • disulfur dichloride • silicon tetrachloride phosphorus pentachloride disulfur hexabromide boron mononitride S2Cl2 SiCl4 Oh yeah, just one more thing... DON’T DO IT!!!Don’t reduce the subscripts!!!

  12. Practice 1. Which of the following compounds is named INCORRECTLY? • CS2, carbon disulfide • BCl3, boron trichloride • IF7, iodine heptafluoride • PCl5, phosphorus hexachloride

  13. Practice 2. Which of the following molecular compounds is named INCORRECTLY? • SbCl3, antimony trichloride • C2O5, dicarbon pentoxide • CF4, carbon tetrafluoride • H3As, hydrogen arsenide

  14. Practice 3. The correct formula for tetraphosphorus trisulfide is • P3S4 • S3P4 • P4S3 • S4P3

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