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Periodic Trends

Explore the periodic table of elements, learn about the distinctions between metals, nonmetals, and metalloids, and discover the physical and chemical properties of each group.

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Periodic Trends

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  1. Periodic Trends

  2. Periodic Table of the Elements What does the staircase line separate?

  3. The 3 major distinctions of the Periodic Table • Metals • Nonmetals • Metalloids

  4. Physical Properties: Luster (shiny) Good conductors High density High melting point Malleable Ductile (draw into wire) Chemical Properties: Easily lose electrons Corrode easily (ex: rusting or tarnishing) Metals: To the left of the staircase line

  5. Non metals: to the right of the staircase line • Physical Properties: • Dull • Poor conductor • Brittle • Not malleable • Low density and melting point • Chemical Property: • Tend to gain electrons

  6. Metalloids: along the staircase line • Solids • Shiny or dull • Malleable • Conduct heat and electricity better than non metal but not as well as metals

  7. Back to the Periodic Table… • The elements are arranged in order of INCREASING atomic number (and atomic weight) • Another trend in the Periodic Table is the arrangement of Periods (horizontal rows) and Groups (vertical columns)

  8. Group 1: Alkali Metals • strong metals that are unusually soft • very reactive toward Oxygen • All of these metals have one valence electron and are thus very reactive

  9. Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals • not as soft as Group 1 metals. • react more mildly with Oxygen • These elements have two valence electrons and form cations

  10. Transition Metals • These metals are not as predictable as other metals • Wide variety of properties • Groups 3-12 on periodic table

  11. Group 17 :Halogen • only need one additional electron to complete their outer shells • “salt makers” • Ex: NaCl, where Cl is a halogen

  12. Group 18 : Noble gases • Non-reactive • Stable electron formation • Also known as “inert gases”

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