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Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution. Why the West. Less devastation Curiosity/rationality Political pluralism Division b/n religious and secular Rights against ruler. Why Britain?. Demand for goods Growing population Skilled and unskilled workers Abundant markets Raw materials Coal Iron

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Industrial Revolution

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  1. Industrial Revolution

  2. Why the West • Less devastation • Curiosity/rationality • Political pluralism • Division b/n religious and secular • Rights against ruler

  3. Why Britain? • Demand for goods • Growing population • Skilled and unskilled workers • Abundant markets • Raw materials • Coal • Iron • Stable government • Geography • Rivers and sea

  4. Agricultural Revolution • Laid foundation for industrial revolution • Crop rotation • Seed drill • Improved husbandry • Potato • Accelerated enclosure movement • Large and medium-sized farms

  5. First Industrial Revolution • 1750-1850 • Cotton • Coal • Iron

  6. Cotton • Easily worked by machine • Inventions speed up textile industry • Chemical industry to process textiles • Factory system replaces “putting out” system

  7. Coal • Water proved inadequate • Seasonal • Limited locations • Steam engine allows for more coal mining • James Watt improves steam engine

  8. Iron • Smelting iron ore with coke • Railroad and steamship • Transportation revolution • Rail expands internal markets • Steamship expands international market • Demand for more iron

  9. Second Industrial Revolution • 1850-1900 • Steel • Chemicals • Electricity • Internal combustion engine

  10. Steel • Alloy of iron • Strength, hardness, and elasticity • Spreads soft • Bessemer Converter • Open-hearth furnace Steel as cheap as wrought iron

  11. Chemicals • Synthetic dyes, fertilizers, explosives, primitive plastics • Alfred Nobel

  12. Electricity • Dynamo • Telegraph • Telephone • Radio • Source of power • Generators, alternators, transformers • lighting

  13. Internal combustion engine • Limitations of steam • Heavy machines • Coal labor • Coal gas  gasoline

  14. Other inventions • Interchangeable parts • Mass production of more intricate machines • Replaceable •  assembly line

  15. Differences between 1st and 2nd IRs • Much more capital investment • Giant companies, loans, state funding • Closer connection to science • Applied science and teamwork

  16. Spread • Great Britain • Belgium and France • Germany and United States • Italy, Russia, and Japan • Followers • Competition (-) • Model (+) • Benefits (+) • Mistakes (+)

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