PLANT NOTES Part 1

1. PLANT NOTESPart 1

2. Plant Diversity • Plants are members of the Kingdom ______. • They are classified as eukaryotic organisms that have cell walls made of cellulose & carry out photosynthesis using the green pigment ______.

3. Plant Diversity • Plants are members of the Kingdom Plantae. • They are classified as eukaryotic organisms that have cell walls made of cellulose & carry out photosynthesis using the green pigment ______.

4. Plant Diversity • Plants are members of the Kingdom Plantae. • They are classified as eukaryotic organisms that have cell walls made of cellulose & carry out photosynthesis using the green pigment chlorophyll.

5. Plant Diversity • Members of Kingdom Plantae include trees, shrubs, grasses, mosses & ferns. • Most plants are autotrophic, however there are a few ______ that live on & feed off of decaying matter.

6. Plant Diversity • Members of Kingdom Plantae include trees, shrubs, grasses, mosses & ferns. • Most plants are autotrophic, however there are a few parasites that live on & feed off of decaying matter.

7. What Plants Need to Survive • ______ – they use energy from the sun to carry out photosynthesis. • ______ & minerals – are necessary for plants to perform photosynthesis and are absorbed from the soil.

8. What Plants Need to Survive • Sunlight – they use energy from the sun to carry out photosynthesis. • ______ & minerals – are necessary for plants to perform photosynthesis and are absorbed from the soil.

9. What Plants Need to Survive • Sunlight – they use energy from the sun to carry out photosynthesis. • Water & minerals – are necessary for plants to perform photosynthesis and are absorbed from the soil.

10. What Plants Need to Survive • ______ exchange – plants require oxygen to support cellular respiration and carbon dioxide to carry out photosynthesis. • Movement of water & ______ – plants take in water & nutrients from the soil through their roots to the rest of the plant.

11. What Plants Need to Survive • Gas exchange – plants require oxygen to support cellular respiration and carbon dioxide to carry out photosynthesis. • Movement of water & ______ – plants take in water & nutrients from the soil through their roots to the rest of the plant.

12. What Plants Need to Survive • Gas exchange – plants require oxygen to support cellular respiration and carbon dioxide to carry out photosynthesis. • Movement of water & nutrients – plants take in water & nutrients from the soil through their roots to the rest of the plant.

13. The Origin of Plants • When plants first appeared on Earth, they changed its’ existence. • With the emergence of plants, new ecosystems appeared and organic matter began to form ___.

14. The Origin of Plants • When plants first appeared on Earth, they changed its’ existence. • With the emergence of plants, new ecosystems appeared and organic matter began to form soil.

15. The Origin of Plants • Plants had to evolve structures that allowed them to acquire, transport and conserve water in order to successfully exist in their new habitat. • Most scientists agree that the first plants evolved from an organism that is similar to green _____, which you should recall is a plant-like protist.

16. The Origin of Plants • Plants had to evolve structures that allowed them to acquire, transport and conserve water in order to successfully exist in their new habitat. • Most scientists agree that the first plants evolved from an organism that is similar to green algae, which you should recall is a plant-like protist.

17. Plant Diversity BRYOPHYTES: • Include ______ plants such as mosses, liverworts and hornworts. • These are classified as nonvascular & are found in moist, shaded areas.

18. Plant Diversity BRYOPHYTES: • Include low-growing plants such as mosses, liverworts and hornworts. • These are classified as nonvascular & are found in moist, shaded areas.

19. Bryophytes • Bryophytes depend on _____ for reproduction, as most of them produce sperm that must swim through water to reach eggs. • Mosses (from Phylum Bryophyta) are the most common bryophytes, which grow most abundantly in areas with water like swamps, _____, near streams and in rain forests.

20. Bryophytes • Bryophytes depend on water for reproduction, as most of them produce sperm that must swim through water to reach eggs. • Mosses (from Phylum Bryophyta) are the most common bryophytes, which grow most abundantly in areas with water like swamps, _____, near streams and in rain forests.

21. Bryophytes • Bryophytes depend on water for reproduction, as most of them produce sperm that must swim through water to reach eggs. • Mosses (from Phylum Bryophyta) are the most common bryophytes, which grow most abundantly in areas with water like swamps, bogs, near streams and in rain forests.

22. Bryophytes • Because they aren’t vascular, mosses don’t have true roots. Instead they have_______, which are long, thin cells that anchor them into the ground and absorb water & minerals.

23. Bryophytes • Because they aren’t vascular, mosses don’t have true roots. Instead they haverhizoids, which are long, thin cells that anchor them into the ground and absorb water & minerals.

24. Bryophytes • Humans use a particular moss from the genus Sphagnum, which we commonly call ____ moss. • When it dries it can be cut from the ground and burned, or it can be used in gardening due to its’ sponge-like ability to hold water.

25. Bryophytes • Humans use a particular moss from the genus Sphagnum, which we commonly call peat moss. • When it dries it can be cut from the ground and burned, or it can be used in gardening due to its’ sponge-like ability to hold water.

26. Seedless Vascular Plants • Vascular plants have a specialized __________ system with vascular tissue for conducting water & nutrients. • Vascular plants contain a xylem layer (which transports water) and a phloem layer (which transports food like nutrients & carbohydrates).

27. Seedless Vascular Plants • Vascular plants have a specialized transport system with vascular tissue for conducting water & nutrients. • Vascular plants contain a xylem layer (which transports water) and a phloem layer (which transports food like nutrients & carbohydrates).

28. Vascular Tissues

29. Seedless Vascular Plants • Both xylem & phloem can move fluids through the plant body. • All vascular plants have _____, stems & leaves. • Seedless vascular plants include club mosses, horsetails & _____.

30. Seedless Vascular Plants • Both xylem & phloem can move fluids through the plant body. • All vascular plants have roots, stems & leaves. • Seedless vascular plants include club mosses, horsetails & _____.

31. Seedless Vascular Plants • Both xylem & phloem can move fluids through the plant body. • All vascular plants have roots, stems & leaves. • Seedless vascular plants include club mosses, horsetails & ferns.

32. Seed Plants • Plants that have the ability to form seeds are the most dominant group of photosynthetic organisms on land. • The seed plants are divided into 2 groups: • ____________ (cone-bearing plants) • ____________ (flowering plants)

33. Seed Plants • Plants that have the ability to form seeds are the most dominant group of photosynthetic organisms on land. • The seed plants are divided into 2 groups: • Gymnosperms (cone-bearing plants) • ___________ (flowering plants)

34. Seed Plants • Plants that have the ability to form seeds are the most dominant group of photosynthetic organisms on land. • The seed plants are divided into 2 groups: • Gymnosperms (cone-bearing plants) • Angiosperms (flowering plants)

35. Seed Plants • One reason that seed plants became so successful is because they don’t require water for the fertilization of their gametes. • Because of this, seed plants can live just about anywhere.

36. Seed Plant Adaptations • Some adaptations that allow seed plants to reproduce without water include having flowers or cones, the ability to transfer sperm by ___________ and the protection of embryos encased in _____. • Cones are the seed-bearing structures in gymnosperms, while flowers are the seed-bearing structures in angiosperms. Gymnosperm Angiosperm

37. Seed Plant Adaptations • Some adaptations that allow seed plants to reproduce without water include having flowers or cones, the ability to transfer sperm by pollination and the protection of embryos encased in ______. • Cones are the seed-bearing structures in gymnosperms, while flowers are the seed-bearing structures in angiosperms. Gymnosperm Angiosperm

38. Seed Plant Adaptations • Some adaptations that allow seed plants to reproduce without water include having flowers or cones, the ability to transfer sperm by pollination and the protection of embryos encased in seeds. • Cones are the seed-bearing structures in gymnosperms, while flowers are the seed-bearing structures in angiosperms. Gymnosperm Angiosperm

39. Seed Plant Adaptations • In seed plants, the entire male gamete is contained in a tiny structure called a pollen grain, which is carried to the female parts of the flower by wind, insects or small animals for pollination.

40. Seed Plant Adaptations • A seed is an embryo of a plant encased in a protective covering & surrounded by a food supply. • After fertilization, the zygote becomes an embryo & eventually a plant.

41. Read chapter 23 and be ready to take Quiz chapter 23 next class