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Present Perfect and Pluperfect

Past Participle. All perfect tenses are made up of two parts: the helping verb and the past participle of the main verb: helping verb past participle helping verb past participleHe has eaten. We have seen.They have left. You have finished

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Present Perfect and Pluperfect

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    1. Present Perfect and Pluperfect

    2. Past Participle All perfect tenses are made up of two parts: the helping verb and the past participle of the main verb: helping verb past participle helping verb past participle He has eaten. We have seen. They have left. You have finished. I have studied. She has fallen.

    3. This is how you form the past participle in Spanish: Drop the ar and add ado: hablar hablado nadar nadado pensar pensado almorzar almorzado llegar llegado estar estado Drop the er or ir and add ido: comer comido poder podido leer ledo querer querido asistir asistido venir venido

    4. Click here to go to a brief practice exercise.

    5. There are, of course, irregular past participles in Spanish as there are in English. call have called jump have jumped look have looked eat have eated???? have eaten bring have bringed???? have brought

    6. You have to memorize the irregular past participles in Spanish just as you do in English. volver vuelto (NOT volvido) poner puesto (NOT ponido) abrir abierto etc. cubrir cubierto escribir escrito ver visto morir muerto decir dicho hacer hecho romper roto

    7. Helping Verb Now you need a helping verb to go with your past participles. What we use is the present tense of the verb haber. he hablado hemos hablado has hablado habis hablado ha hablado han hablado Use these verb forms with all your past participles: he comido, has querido, ha vuelto, hemos trabajado, etc.

    8. Click here to go to a brief practice exercise.

    9. Pluperfect (Past Perfect) (Pluscuamperfecto) The past perfect (also called the pluperfect and, in Spanish, the pluscuamperfecto), remember, is the past of the past and translates with had in English. ALL perfect tenses get a helping verb and a past participle: present perfect he has eaten past perfect he had eaten future perfect he will have eaten conditional perfect he would have eaten

    10. As you saw, the present perfect tense has a set of helping verbs that come from haber: he hemos has habis ha han The same is true of the past perfect. The helping verbs for the past perfect are the imperfect form of haber: haba hablado habamos hablado habas hablado habais hablado haba hablado haban hablado

    11. Note that the endings on haber for the past perfect are the endings for the imperfect tense: haba habamos habas habais haba haban The present perfect is the PRESENT tense of haber + the past participle. The past perfect tense is the IMPERFECT (PAST) tense of haber + the past participle. Guess what the future perfect tense is composed of. But thats another lesson.

    12. Click here to go to a brief practice exercise.

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