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GOES-R: Ensuring User Readiness for 2012 Science and Technology Seminar

This seminar introduces the GOES-R satellite and its advanced imaging capabilities. Topics include the ABI bands, spectral coverage, and applications in weather forecasting.

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GOES-R: Ensuring User Readiness for 2012 Science and Technology Seminar

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  1. Science and Technology Seminar Introducing GOES-R:Ensuring User Readiness for 2012 James Gurka Timothy J. Schmit NOAA/NESDIS February 18, 2004 Silver Spring, MD UW-Madison

  2. Overview • Imager • HES-IR • Examples

  3. ABI Current Spectral Coverage 16 bands 5 bands Spatial resolution 0.64 mm Visible 0.5 km Approx. 1 km Other Visible/nearIR 1.0 km n/a Bands (>2 mm) 2 km Approx. 4 km Spatial coverage Full disk 4 per hour Every 3 hours CONUS 12 per hour ~4 per hour The Advanced Baseline Imager:

  4. AVIRIS spectra Snow, Phase Cirrus Part. size Veg. Haze Clouds Visible and near-IR channels on the ABI The current GOES has only one visible band.

  5. IR channels on the current GOES and on the ABI The spectral coverage of the ten IR ABI bands. Spectral coverage from the GOES-12 imager and a sample high-spectral resolution earth-emitted spectra.

  6. Weighting Functions for the IR channels on the ABI Weighting functions for the standard atmosphere at a local zenith angle of 40 degrees.

  7. ABI Bands Based on experience from: Current GOES Imagers

  8. ABI Bands Based on experience from: MSG/AVHRR/Sounder(s) Current GOES Imagers

  9. ABI Bands Based on experience from: MSG/AVHRR/Sounder(s) MODIS/MTG/ Aircraft, etc Current GOES Imagers

  10. HES • The Hyperspectral Environmental Suite (HES) will be located on a geostationary platform. • 2013 • NOAA operational • Currently in formation phase • HES is an outgrowth of earlier ABS efforts • HES includes the functionality of the old Advanced Baseline Sounder (ABS) • HES has been expanded to include other capabilities for environmental monitoring employing the improved temporal resolution from GEO. • Coastal Ocean • Open Ocean • Land

  11. HES-IR Tasks • HES - Disk Sounding (HES-DS) • Provide vertical moisture and temperature information, and other environmental data that will be used by NOAA and other public and private agencies to produce routine meteorological analyses and forecasts • Provide data that may be used to extend knowledge and understanding of the atmosphere and its processes in order to improve short/long-term weather forecasts. • HES - Severe Weather / Mesoscale (HES-SW/M) • Provide environmental data that can be used to expand knowledge of mesoscale and synoptic scale storm development and provide data that may be used to help in forecasting severe weather events. • Backup mode in the event of a GOES-R ABI failure (both).

  12. HES-Disk Sounding (HES-DS) task • Spatial Resolution • IR: Threshold=10 km, Goal=2 km, • Vis: Threshold=1.0 km, Goal= 0.5 km • Coverage rate (Threshold) • 62 degree LZA / hour at 10 km resolution • Coverage area must be flexible and selectable.

  13. 0.625 cm-1 0.625 cm-1 0.625cm-1 1.25cm-1 2.5cm-1 0.6 cm-1 0.6 cm-1 CO N2O Temperature CO2 weak H2O “Traditional Side of H2O absorption” CO2 (T) Important lines for cloud emissivity and cloud type IR Spectral Coverage (DS or SW/M) Example 1 Example 2 Ozone 5

  14. 100 100 Advanced Sounder (3074) GOES (18) Pressure (hPa) Pressure (hPa) 1000 1000 Moisture Weighting Functions High spectral resolution advanced sounder will have more and sharper weighting functions compared to current GOES sounder. Retrievals will have better vertical resolution. UW/CIMSS

  15. These water vapor weighting functions reflect the radiance sensitivity of the specific channels to a water vapor % change at a specific level (equivalent to dR/dlnq scaled by dlnp). Moisture Weighting Functions Pressure Weighting Function Amplitude Wavenumber (cm-1) UW/CIMSS The advanced sounder has more and sharper weighting functions

  16. Simulations of Low vs High Spectral Resolution RetrievalsGeo-I gets <1 K rms for 1 km T(p) and <10% rms for 2 km RH(p) Temperature Moisture Strategy is (1) use all channels in a regression first guess and then (2) use sub-set of channels for physical retrieval

  17. UW/NOAA Targeted observations -- look where we need the information

  18. Table 3.2.33 Expected scan times for the DS task sensor emissive bands (HES bands 1-3). Table 3.2.34 Expected scan times for the SW/M task sensor emissive bands (HES bands 1-3).

  19. GOES-R: Forecasts and Warnings(Monitor and Observe)

  20. GOES-R: Forecasts and Warnings(Monitor and Observe)

  21. Higher Spatial Resolution GOES Channels Simulated ABI (from MODIS) concentric anvil-layer waves Enhanced “V”: IR windows May 25, 2000 Enhanced “V” Thunderstorms Actual GOES http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/misc/000525.html

  22. 12 UTC Sounder LI Zoomed in view: With Eta forecast and watch boxes Flash Floods EXCESSIVE RAINFALL POTENTIAL OUTLOOK HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL PREDICTION CENTER...NWS...CAMP SPRINGS MD GOES SOUNDER DATA SHOWS THAT PWS SOUTH OF THE OUTFLOW BOUNDARY ARE IN THE 1.60 TO 1.70 INCH RANGE. THE SOUNDER DATA ALSO INDICATES THAT THE AIRMASS TO THE WEST ACROSS IL IS CONTINUING TO DESTABILIZE. ALL THE ABOVE ARGUE FOR THE POTENTIAL FOR ISOLD 3 TO 5 INCH RAINFALL BEFORE THE SYSTEM STARTS SHIFTING EWD. Janesville, WI received 4 inches of rain; Sullivan, WI had 3 inches.

  23. Floods! Water Resources

  24. Mountain Waves in WV channel (6.7 µm) 7 April 2000, 1815 UTC Turbulence Simulated ABI Actual GOES-8 Mountain waves over Colorado and New Mexico were induced by strong northwesterly flow associated with a pair of upper-tropospheric jet streaks moving across the elevated terrain of the southern and central Rocky Mountains. The mountain waves appear more well-defined over Colorado; in fact, several aircraft reported moderate to severe turbulence over that region. Both images are shown in GOES projection. UW/CIMSS

  25. Geostationary satellite high spectral resolution sounding and imaging capabilities: Applications to hurricane forecasting: • Improved environmental wind analyses for determining steering • - More levels of motion, more accurate wind vector heights • Superior water vapor (and dust) detection • - Identification of dry air intrusions • Improvement in radiance and retrieved profile accuracy • - Increased vertical resolution • More precise measurements of sea surface temperatures • - Hurricane intensity fluctuations • Higher spatial resolution • - Better determination of the storm center and motion • Faster scanning • - Ability for routine rapid scanning over storm scales • All of the above will lead to better satellite data assimilation • in numerical hurricane forecast systems. Hurricanes

  26. MSG Phase Loop 08:30 – 12:15 UTC 24 April 2003 Icing

  27. Water Quality http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery

  28. Aerosol Transport Model Assimilation of the Wildfire ABBA Fire Product Using the Navy Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System GOES-8 Wildfire ABBA fire product for the Pacific Northwest Date: August 17, 2001 Time: 2200 UTC FIRES Air Quality Smoke NAAPS Model Aerosol Analysis for the continental U.S. Date: August 18, 2001 Time: 1200 UTC

  29. Linden_haze_0.47 µm (ABI spectral band from AVIRIS data) Air Quality Smoke

  30. Plans for Third GOES-R Users’ Conference: • May 10 – 13, 2004 • Broomfield, CO (Omni Hotel) • Just outside of Boulder • Open to entire GOES User Community • Domestic and international • Call for papers has been issued (due February 27th) • GOES-R readiness and/or NOAA goals • For updated information and access to reports: • http://www.osd.noaa.gov/announcement/index.htm

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