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Single-state DCM. Multi-state DCM with excitatory and inhibitory connections. input. Extrinsic (between-region) coupling. Intrinsic (within-region) coupling. The basic approach. Define likelihood model. Specify priors. Neural dynamics. Observer function. Minimise free energy.

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  1. Single-state DCM Multi-state DCM with excitatory and inhibitory connections input Extrinsic (between-region) coupling Intrinsic (within-region) coupling

  2. The basic approach Define likelihood model Specify priors Neural dynamics Observer function Minimise free energy Variational free energy Make inferences

  3. inhibitory interneurons spiny stellate cells pyramidal cells State equations Extrinsic lateral connections Extrinsic forward connections Intrinsic connections Extrinsic backward connections Output equation neuronal (source) model

  4. Forward and Backward - FB IFG 0.93 (55%) 1.41 (99%) STG STG 1.74 (96%) 5.40 (100%) 2.41 (100%) 4.50 (100%) IFG A1 A1 A1 A1 STG STG input Forward Backward Lateral Changes in extrinsic connections with ‘oddballs’ mode 1 mode 2 mode 3

  5. Forward (F) Backward (B) Forward and Backward (FB) F FB Bayesian Model Comparison log evidence Two subgroups subjects

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