No results found

1. No results found

2. Standards Can … • Specify the form and function of technology • Determine how information is exchanged • Require procedures to be followed • Define acceptable outcomes

3. Standards Can… • Specify the form and function of technology • Determine how information is exchanged • Require procedures to be followed • Define acceptable outcomes Learning technology standards define technological infrastructure

4. Effective Standards Operate Invisibly This …. Screenshot from Dreamweaver™ 8 Design View

5. Effective Standards Operate Invisibly And not necessarily this …. Screenshot from Dreamweaver™ 8 Code View

6. Good standards are enablers • Make it possible to build better products • Provide a basis for new solutions • Good standards are about being good enough, not being perfect!

7. Standards do not cure all ills • Applying standards requires communication, agreements and understanding • Technical standards do not solve non-technical problems “First learn the meaning of what you say, and then speak.” - Epictetus (55 - 135) “The most important thing in communication is to hear what isn't being said.” - Peter Drucker (1909 - 2005)

8. Observation on Standardization Nothing is a standard until it is acknowledged and adopted by the community it serves

9. INNOVATION Why Bother With Standards? • Standards define and catalyze new technology • Standards enable new solutions • Standards solve existing problems

10. Why Bother With Standards? HELP THE CONSUMER • Standards prevent lock-in • Standards acceleratecommoditization • Standards increase reliability • Standards enable competition

11. Why Bother With Standards? BUILD MARKETS • Standards can lower design, development and production costs • Standards help modularize supply chains • Standards buildconsumerconfidence • Standardization distributes effort

12. Who participates INNOVATION HELP THE CONSUMER • BUILD MARKETS • Researchers • Academics • Corporate strategists

13. Who participates INNOVATION HELP THE CONSUMER • BUILD MARKETS • Government Agencies • Consumer Groups • Companies looking for specific competitive advantages

14. Who participates INOVATION HELP THE CONSUMER BUILD MARKETS • Commercial enterprises • Industry groups

15. Lots of organizations formed DLF (1995) SISO (1994) EICA OKI IEEE LTSC AICC (1988) But few since 2001 CanCore CEN/ISSS WS-LT SIF EdNA (1994) 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 ARIADNE ADL JTC1 SC36 ebXML IMS Dublin Core (1995) HR-XML CONSOR- TIUM AEN OASIS MERLOT ALIC W3C (1994)

16. GOAL: Standardize all of learning technology Characterized by Many activities Little implementation Proliferation of organizations GOAL: Learning content interoperability Characterized by Government involvement Focus on “learning management systems” Adoption & Implementation Consumer Driven 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Goals and drivers evolved Research Driven

17. Raising NEW ISSUES and requiring DIFFERENT STANDARDS ENABLERS Business Environment: In the 1980’s, applications of computers to learning was a research area.

18. Raising NEW ISSUES and requiring DIFFERENT STANDARDS ENABLERS Business Environment: In the 1990’s, research projects and startup companies were spawned by new opportunities presented by the Internet

19. Raising NEW ISSUES and requiring DIFFERENT STANDARDS ENABLERS Business Environment: Between 2000 and 2005, learning technology became commoditized. Consumers looked to standards to reduce costs and risk.

20. Raising NEW ISSUES and requiring DIFFERENT STANDARDS ENABLERS Business Environment: It appears that learning technology will continue to mature as an industry, expand to include even more interactive environments and become more deeply integrated into enterprise technology

21. QUESTIONS? robby@computer.org