AP Human Geography

1. AP Human Geography Friday, May 13

2. Exam Basics • Multiple Choice – 75 Questions, 60 minutes • FRQs – 3 Questions, 75 minutes • Each section counts for HALF of your total grade • No penalty for guessing! • See topic outline

3. Review Sessions • Every Tuesday and Thursday 2:45-3:15 • Next week: • Tuesday 4/19 Migration • Thursday 4/21 Culture • Practice Test – Saturday, April 30 @ SLHS

4. 1. As an academic discipline, geography is principally concerned with the • nature and meaning of place names • impact of the environment on human understandings and activities • evolving character and spatial organization of Earth’s surface • absolute location of places, peoples, and processes on Earth’s surface • construction of maps that depict places, peoples, and processes as accurately as possible 2. Thomas Malthus based his work on population on which of the following premises? • Both food production and population increase arithmetically. • Food production increases arithmetically and population increases exponentially. • Both food production and population increase exponentially. • Food production increases exponentially and population increases arithmetically. • Food production increases arithmetically and population remains stable.

5. 3. Of the following, which region contains the smallest percentage of the world’s population? • The Southern Hemisphere • The Northern Hemisphere • The Eastern Hemisphere • Coastal areas of the world within 160 kilometers (100 miles) of ocean • Areas of the world lying lower than 150 meters (500 feet) above sea level 4. In 2005 the United States and Canada had a higher crude death rate than Mexico because they • are larger countries • received more immigrants • had more elderly people • had a higher standard of living • spent more on health care

6. Migration (and other topics) • The 19th century emigration of a large number of Swedes from a particular region of Sweden to Isanti County, MN, as a result of communications from friends and relatives who preceded them there is an example of • Brain drain • Chain migration • Net migration • Internal migration • Counterurbanization

7. In recent decades, all of the following have played a major role in the rapid growth of Sun Belt cities of the US except • Immigration from Latin America • High levels of per capita federal spending in the South and West • Cheap land and labor • Climatic changes leading to colder northern winters • The increasing demand for retirement and resort centers

8. An important physical site characteristic is a • Major airport • Grid street pattern • Major central park • Natural harbor • Public sports facility

9. A student who lives in Minneapolis chooses to spend her spring break in Florida rather than in Jamaica because FL is closer and the airfare is cheaper. This illustrates the concept of • Human capital • Time space compression • Intervening opportunities • Rank size rule • Central place theory

10. Cultural landscape is closest in meaning to which of the following? • Cultural ecology • Nonmaterial culture • Environmental determinism • Physical environment • Built environment

11. In the 19th and early 20th century, the demographic transition in Europe was best characterized by • Shift in the composition of national populations toward greater ethnic balance • Net population decline resulting from an excess of deaths over births • Migration between European countries • Large-scale population movements following periods of war or widespread civil unrest • Urbanization and falling birth rates

12. Culture Questions 6. Place names that refer to saints are most common in which of the following North American regions? (a) Louisiana and New England (b) California and British Columbia (c) Ontario and Utah (d) Nova Scotia and the United States Midwest (e) Quebec and the United States Southwest

13. 7. Which of the following is true of the architectural shape shown above? (a) It represents the dominant religion of all of Indonesia except for the island of Bali. (b) It signifies a major religion that originated in India but is now found in Thailand and other parts of Asia. (c) It symbolizes houses of worship for monotheistic religions that hold Jerusalem sacred. (d) It represents religions especially common in sub-Saharan Africa. (e) It symbolizes denominations of a Western religion that divided first in Europe.

14. 8.Which of the following refers to the study of the relationship between the physical environment and culture? (a) Central place theory (b) Ecosystem analysis (c) Culture history (d) Cultural ecology (e) Polytheism

15. 9. A pilgrim to Varanasi in India is most likely to be a (a) Christian (b) Jew (c) Hindu (d) Buddhist (e) Muslim

16. 11. A fundamental difference between folk culture and popular culture is that folk culture (a) Often sets a minority group apart from a region’s general population (b) Is adaptive to change over time (c) Tends to diffuse rapidly across geographic space (d) Loses some of its distinctive characteristics as it crosses national boundaries (e) Represents universal values

17. 12. The saltbox-type house pictured here originated in which of the following culture areas? (a) The Great Lakes region (b) New England and the Canadian Maritimes (c) The Canadian Prairie (d) The US Southwest (e) The US Southeast

18. 13. A formal culture region differs from other regions in that it (a) Has a focal point or node (b) Is one that people believe exists (c) Has a selected feature or internal uniformity (d) Does not contain gradations such as core, domain, and sphere (e) Applies only to linguistic and religion regions

19. 14. Which of the following correctly sequences the continuum from language family to dialect? (a) Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Arabic, Berber (b) Sino-Tibetan, Sinitic, Mandarin, Chinese (c) Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Hindi, Bengali (d) Indo-European, Baltic-Slavic, Russian, Ukranian (e) Indo-European, Germanic, English, Midland-Northern

20. 15. Contact zones between religions are most likely to be volatile when they are (a) Inhabited by two major groups with divergent religious beliefs (b) Made up of three or more religious groups (c) Characterized by considerable interaction between religious groups (d) Also language contact zones (e) Associated with competing ethnonational claims to territory

21. 16. Swahili in East Africa and English in global commerce are examples of (a) Pidgin languages (b) Lingua franca (c) Standard language (d) Creole language (e) Official language

22. Political Geography Questions 17. Political Geographers consider which of the following as the core area of the US? (a) Los Angeles-San Francisco (b) New York-Washington DC (c) Chicago-Detroit (d) Atlanta-Birmingham, AL (e) Buffalo-Cleveland

23. 18. The country that the US helped to create in the early 20th century in order to facilitate oceanic commerce is (a) Nicaragua (b) Costa Rica (c) Colombia (d) Venezuela (e) Panama

24. 19. Which of the following is unique among Latin American countries in that its capital represents the concept of a forward capital? (a) Argentina (b) Brazil (c) Chile (d) Mexico (e) Peru

25. 20. Which of the following best represents the concept of the nation-state in its internal cultural-political makeup and spatial organization? (a) Iran (b) South Africa (c) Japan (d) New Zealand (e) Argentina

26. 20. Which of the following does not act as a centrifugal force for a state? (a) Uneven development (b) Substate nationalism (c) Linguistic homogeneity (d) A fragmented territorial base (e) A strong tradition of local governance

27. 20. Gerrymandering adjusts voting districts in order to (a) Ensure all districts are of similar shape and size (b) Benefit the interests of one political group (c) Create districts that coincide with municipal service areas (d) Allow those living in one state to vote on issues in another state (e) Equalize the tax burden among ethnic groups

28. FRQ Since 1950 many states have faced challenges in developing a strong national identity. • Using contemporary examples, explain how each of the following has contributed to the development of national identity and the strengthening of a state. • Economic development • Relocation of a state’s capital (since 1950) • Using contemporary examples, explain how each of the following may detract from the development of national identity and weaken a state. • Ethnicity • Transportation infrastructure