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Today:. Quiz 7 Hormones and the Endocrine System. How Does an Animal Body Communicate to Coordinate Function?. Two Options The nervous system Signaling Molecules! (the Endocrine System ) Types and Functions??. Types of Signaling Events. Types of Hormones.

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  1. Today: Quiz 7 Hormones and the Endocrine System

  2. How Does an Animal Body Communicate to Coordinate Function? Two Options • The nervous system • Signaling Molecules! (the Endocrine System) Types and Functions??

  3. Types of Signaling Events

  4. Types of Hormones Usually categorized by structure and mode of synthesis. Useful Idea: Where will the targets of each of these molecules have to be???

  5. Predicting Reception Location

  6. Signaling by Water-Soluble Hormones Can trigger activation of enzymes, uptake or secretion, rearrangement of cytoskeleton, or transcription changes Example: Epinephrine How should your blood sugar level respond to a surge in epinephrine (adrenaline)?

  7. Cell-Surface Reception Usually Requires Signal Transduction Let’s Watch: http://www.youtube.com/watch_popup?v=V_0EcUr_txk

  8. Intra-Cellular Receptors for Lipid Soluble Hormones

  9. Aside: Interesting Application of Vg Expression? Vitellogenin Gene Expression in Male Fathead Minnow as an Indicator of Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) in an Aquatic Environment Objective: To develop molecular tools for monitoring fish exposures to EDCs implicated in feminization of male fish around the world and in USA, that are present in surface waters, effluents from sewage treatment plants and sediments

  10. Multiple Responses From a Single Hormone: Back to Epinephrine

  11. An Aside: So Why Epi-Pens?? In Anaphylaxis, patients experience bronchial constriction and systemic vasodilation...

  12. Localized Signaling Can be paracrine (from neighboring cells) or autocrine (same cell) Fast! Examples: cytokines, growth factors, nitric oxide (NO), prostoglandins

  13. Negative Feedback in the Endocrine System Supports Homeostasis Homeostatic challenges in your duodenum??

  14. Paired Pathways: Insulin and Glucagon Ideal Blood Sugar: 90-100mg/100mL Balanced by two negative feedback loops (antagonists!)

  15. Adding the Nervous System to the Story Neurohormones play critical functions in reproduction and metamorphosis in invertebrates Example: prophoracicotrophic hormone (PTTH) triggers ecdysis and metamorphosis

  16. Vertebrate Coordination of Endocrine and Nervous Systems Hypothalmus: endocrine gland in the brain of vertebrates

  17. Vertebrate Coordination of Endocrine and Nervous Systems Oxytocin: Positive-feedback mechanism involved in release of milk from mammary glands and uterine contraction

  18. Vertebrate Coordination of Endocrine and Nervous Systems: ADH What would an Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH) do? When would I produce it?

  19. Vertebrate Coordination of Endocrine and Nervous Systems: ADH

  20. Vertebrate Coordination of Endocrine and Nervous Systems • Anterior pituitary produces a variety of tropic and nontropic hormones • Tropic hormones regulate the function of endocrine cells or glands. Example: TSH • Nontropic hormones target nonendocrine tissues. Example: MSH

  21. Vertebrate Coordination of Endocrine and Nervous Systems

  22. Vertebrate Coordination of Endocrine and Nervous Systems These impacts make GH tempting for adult athletes to abuse! A few hormones, like Growth Hormone (GH) have both tropic and nontropic effects

  23. LONDON – In a major breakthrough in the fight against doping, a British rugby league player has become the first athlete to be suspended for using human growth hormone. Terry Newton admitted taking the substance in a statement released by his attorneys on Friday. The United Kingdom Anti-Doping authority announced a two-year ban on Monday after Newton was fired by his club, Wakefield. "It's the first time and very significant," WADA director general David Howman said. "It shows the people who say that HGH cannot be detected that it can. The sports people who said it can't be detected are fooling themselves." Rugby player makes history with growth hormone ban By ROBERT MILLWARD, AP Sports Writer Robert Millward, Ap Sports Writer – Mon Feb 22, 2010 2:48 pm ET

  24. Example: TSH, a tropic hormone, acts in a hormone cascade

  25. Functions of the Thyroid Hormone Involved in both homeostasis (blood pressure, heart rate, etc.) and development Excessive secretion = hyperthyroidism (high temp, high blood pressure, weight loss) Insufficient production = hypothyroidism (weight gain, lethargy, intolerance to cold)

  26. Iodine was added to salt in 1924 when up to a third of US adults suffered from goiter!

  27. Controlling Calcium (Ca2+)

  28. Stress and the Adrenal Gland

  29. Moving on to Applications

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