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Lead Shielding and Muon s

Lead Shielding and Muon s. By derek H. and Yazmeen T. Purpose. To determine how lead thickness affects the muon Count Rate. The Experiment. The Question: How is muon f lux affected by lead shielding?

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Lead Shielding and Muon s

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  1. Lead Shielding and Muons By derek H. and Yazmeen T.

  2. Purpose To determine how lead thickness affects the muon Count Rate

  3. The Experiment The Question: How is muonflux affected by lead shielding? From the captured data, we want to see if there is a correlation between lead thickness and count rate. Energies of muons will be looked at to help understand this correlation; a loss of lower energy muons in lead will affect count rate.

  4. Hypothesis The majority of low energy muons will ionize and interact with more atoms in the lead bricks than in air, causing them to be slowed down or completely stopped. We expect to see a substantial decline in the count rate due to the lead bricks.

  5. Calibration/Plateauing • This is done to achieve the maximum signal to noise ratio

  6. Experiment Set-Up Detector A Lead Bricks 40cm Detector B Detector C Detector D

  7. Procedure • Run a control to find the muon count-rate • Calculate sky (solid) angle: Angle: 0.455 steradians Percent of entire sky: 3.26% • Shield with lead bricks in intervals of three • Perform a 24 hour run for each layer of thickness • Look how the flux varies with lead thickness

  8. Flux vs. Thickness of Lead We tried an exponential fit to show the relationship between the flux and lead thickness With an increase of thickness=decrease in flux Flux= 618.75e-0.009(thickness) *expected a 1% decrease but instead found 15% decrease

  9. 15% Decrease? The concrete of the building (4th floor and roof concrete). 155/170 = less than 10% of muons are blocked.

  10. Justification for the Exponential Fit The range for the correlation coefficient (R2) is from -1 to 1. How good of a correlation between two data sets. R2 =0.7907

  11. Energy Loss Graph This graph shows the loss of energy per distance traveled, for different elements.

  12. Experiment: Analysis Energy Loss: Lead Density=11.3 g/cm3 -dE/dρx=(1.12MeVcm2/g)(11.3g/cm3) -dE/dx=(12.7MeV/cm) Find deltaE by multiplying the –dE/dx by the thickness of the brick (5 cm). DeltaEBrick=60.35MeV Minimum Ionization energy

  13. Muon Counts Less than 1% of muons have less than 60MeV of kinetic energy. This shows the cumulative counts per second for energies of muons (at sea level). Energy loss and count rate connection.

  14. Recreating the Energy Distribution 50cm of concrete blocks less than 10% muons ~10% of muons in 20MeV -> 400MeV range -> Flux vs. Energy graph would be moved to lower energies by 400MeV The larger population of higher energy muons are slowed down -> more lower energy muons after concrete.

  15. Recreating the Energy Distribution Total Population = 100% 10% are lost -> Total = 90% of original population. After shift to lower energies, 20/90 = 22% of muons are less than 500MeV. 500MeV/8.3 = 60MeV, so 22%/8.3 = 2.66% > percent of muons with less than 60MeV of kinetic energy. 2.66% is much less than 15%

  16. Theoretical 5 cm Lead 50 cm Concrete Energy Before Concrete

  17. Next Step… We could increase data run time to get a more accurate percentage loss while doing further research into energy distribution. One layer of lead repeat: 8% decrease (?)

  18. Thank You for Your Time And to all those who helped: Stuart Briber Vicki Johnson Jason Nielsen Tanmayi Sai Brendan Wells The speakers and the other interns

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