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Eisenhower & Foreign Affairs

Eisenhower & Foreign Affairs. The “NEW LOOK”: (i.e. Massive Retaliation). Policy of DDE & Sec. of State John Foster Dulles Focus on building up massive nuclear supply So Soviets wouldn’t ever dare attack US Not just containment, but efforts to “rollback” Communism. Eisenhower and the World.

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Eisenhower & Foreign Affairs

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  1. Eisenhower & Foreign Affairs

  2. The “NEW LOOK”: (i.e. Massive Retaliation) • Policy of DDE & Sec. of State John Foster Dulles • Focus on building up massive nuclear supply • So Soviets wouldn’t ever dare attack US • Not just containment, but efforts to “rollback” Communism

  3. Eisenhower and the World • Asia • Vietnam • Middle East • Israel • Iran • Latin America • Guatemala • Cuba • USSR

  4. Vietnam

  5. Vietnam • 1880’s – 1940 • French Colony (French Indochina) • 1940 – 1945 • Controlled by Japanese • 1945 – 1954 • French try to reassert control • With US financial support • Vietnamese led by Ho Chi Minh chase French from country

  6. Ho Chi Minh • The “Vietnamese George Washington” • Independence leader since WW I • Also a Communist • US feared and opposed him

  7. Vietnam • 1954—French defeated by Ho Chi Minh’s forces at Bien Dien Phu • US refuses to intervene • Geneva Conference • Divides Vietnam at 17th Parallel • North—controlled by Ho Chi Minh • South—controlled by US supported group • Unifying elections promised for 1956 • US won’t let this happen • Ho (communist) would win • Civil War breaks out

  8. The Middle East

  9. Israel • Jewish homeland • Created in 1948 • Becomes chief US ally in Middle East • Strongly anti-communist • Regularly at war with Arab neighbors

  10. Iran • CIA topples democratically elected government in 1953 • Leads to 25 year dictatorship under the Shah of Iran • Wait til 1979!!!

  11. Latin America

  12. Guatemala • CIA overthrows the leftist Arbenz government in 1954 • Mostly to protect profits of US businesses • Decades of military dictatorship & civil war follow • UN report blames US • Clinton apologizes in 1990’s

  13. Cuba • US had supported the Batista dictatorship • Fidel Castro leads revolution in 1959 • Castro moves closer to USSR • US begins plans to overthrow Castro

  14. Fidel Castro, 1959

  15. US and the Soviet Union • Stalin dies in 1953 • Nikita Kruschev takes over • Tensions continue • Real threat of nuclear war grows • U-2 Crisis (1960) • American spy plane is shot down over USSR

  16. Eisenhower’s Farewell Address, January 1961 “In the councils of government, we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military-industrial complex. The potential for the disastrous rise of misplaced power exists and will persist. “We must never let the weight of this combination endanger our liberties or democratic processes. We should take nothing for granted. Only an alert and knowledgeable citizenry can compel the proper meshing of the huge industrial and military machinery of defense with our peaceful methods and goals, so that security and liberty may prosper together.”

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