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Safe Sleep

Safe Sleep. Objectives Increase understanding of sleep-related deaths Describe the Triple Risk Model Identify modifiable/non-modifiable risks Understand meaning of “Alone, Back, Crib” Motivate integration of Safe Sleep into nursing practice. SIDS Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

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Safe Sleep

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  1. Safe Sleep

  2. Objectives • Increase understanding of sleep-related deaths • Describe the Triple Risk Model • Identify modifiable/non-modifiable risks • Understand meaning of “Alone, Back, Crib” • Motivate integration of Safe Sleep into nursing • practice

  3. SIDS Sudden Infant Death Syndrome SUID Sudden Unexpected Infant Death ASSB Accidental suffocation and strangulation in bed

  4. All are terms to describe sleep-related deaths of a baby younger than 1 yr of age

  5. Chances of these happening go down with a few simple changes in how babies sleep

  6. 1983-1992 5,000-6,000 SIDS deaths/yr 1992 American Academy of Pediatrics recommended infants <1 yr be placed to sleep on back or side 1996 Recommendation changed to sleep only on back

  7. Since babies have been put to sleep on their backs SIDS deaths have ’d by 50%

  8. However putting babies on their backs has not been enough to prevent sleep-related deaths

  9. There are other risks Some are modifiable Some are non-modifiable

  10. #1 #2 #3

  11. #1 Vulnerable Infant Some babies are more likely to die from SIDS because of abnormal control of: - Blood pressure - Heart rate - Respiration - Chemoreception - Upper airway reflexes - Thermoregulation Non-modifiable Risk Factor

  12. #1 Vulnerable Infant Prematurity and Low birth weight SIDS risk:  with  birth wt and  gestational age Non-modifiable Risk Factors

  13. #1 Vulnerable Infant Race African American infants >2x more SIDS than Caucasian infants American Indian infants >3x more SIDS than Caucasian infants Non-modifiable Risk Factor

  14. #2 Critical Developmental Period Rapid growth and development of brain in 1st year of life Autonomic function reorganization Learned protective behaviors Non-modifiable Risk Factor

  15. #3 External Stressor/s We can’t control whether a baby is a “vulnerable infant” or whether a baby is in a “critical developmental period” However We CAN control external stressors ALL are modifiable

  16. #3 External Stressor/s Second-hand Smoke

  17. #3 External Stressor/s Follow ABC’s of Safe Sleep Alone Back Crib

  18. Alone

  19. The competition we’re up against

  20. This is what we’re asking parents to do

  21. NO Pillows Loose blankets Stuffed toys Bumper pads

  22. This is no longer acceptable

  23. A blanket can become a suffocation hazard If you need to use a blanket use it “Feet to Foot” Like this Not this

  24. Yes! to Blanket Sleepers After 37 weeks and prior to discharge swaddling with a blanket during sleep is not recommended

  25. Swaddling • 34-37 weeks gestation: • - Swaddle with one blanket below the arms • - If second blanket is needed for thermal support, • place it no higher than baby’s chest and tuck it • around crib mattress

  26. What about the baby with poor upper body tone? May need to be swaddled from mid-arms down to help bring arms to midline

  27. Good Rules of Thumb Room temperature should be comfortable for a lightly clothed adult ~ 72 degrees Dress baby in no more than one layer than you are dressed

  28. A well-fitting hat is OK for thermoregulation for preterms This Not this Remove for sleep at 37 wks or prior to discharge

  29. This might look cozy But it is DANGEROUS!

  30. Danger of entrapment and suffocation Extremely high risk of death on couches and armchairs Parents should not feed their baby on a couch or armchair if there is a chance of falling asleep

  31. Baby should sleep alone Baby may be in parent’s bed for feeding or comforting but should be returned to his/her own bed when parent is ready to return to sleep

  32. Billboards in Milwaukee, WI “Your baby sleeping with you can be just as dangerous”

  33. Alone but IN room with mother is best

  34. Back

  35. Every baby should be placed “back to sleep” Every sleep by Every caregiver for the 1st year of life

  36. But babies sleep better on their stomachs! Yes, they do But that is why they are more likely to die!

  37. Prone position can result in: ’d re-breathing of carbon dioxide • ’d stimulation of laryngeal receptors • causing apnea • ’d efficient loss of heat ’d arousal

  38. What about spitting up? In prone position milk may pool in the hypopharynx *Less likely to choke in supine position*

  39. Guidelines for premature infants born at < 34 weeks who are medically stable • By 32-34 weeks gestation: • Begin transition to supine sleeping in a flat • bed without nests, pillows or developmental • supports • By 34 weeks gestation or when • successfully weaned to an open crib: • Infant should sleep supine, without nests or • developmental supports and with head of bed flat

  40. What about a baby with reflux?  head of bed does NOT  reflux  head of bed may result in baby sliding  and compromising airway However: - Do feed in an  position - Do hold in  position or keep head of bed  for 30 min after feeds

  41. Exceptions to this? • Babies with life-threatening airway issues • (e.g. laryngeal cleft…) • Babies with impaired airway protective • mechanisms (e.g. paralyzed vocal cord…) • Babies with aspiration related to reflux • Babies awaiting anti-reflux surgery

  42. What about positioning devices? None have been approved

  43. But what about positioning devices for our < 32 wk preemies and sick babies? Yes! We can use them! Safe Sleep guidelines are for medically stable babies

  44. What about delayed upper body development?

  45. Upper body strength will be met with a total Tummy Time of at least 1hr/day Tummy Time when awake and alert

  46. What about flat spots on a baby’s head?

  47. Tummy Time helps to reduce flat spots • Changing the direction a baby sleeps in reduces flat spots • Flat spots usually resolve in a few • months after a baby learns to sit up

  48. What about a bald spot? • Consider a bald spot on the back of a baby’s head • a sign of a healthy baby!

  49. Once an infant can roll from • supine to prone and from prone to supine, • infant can be allowed to remain in the • sleep position that he or she assumes

  50. Crib

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