1 / 25

Non-Mendelian Inheritance

Non-Mendelian Inheritance. ï‚´. AaBbCc. AaBbCc. Sperm. 1 / 8. 1 / 8. 1 / 8. 1 / 8. 1 / 8. 1 / 8. 1 / 8. 1 / 8. 1 / 8. 1 / 8. 1 / 8. 1 / 8. Eggs. 1 / 8. 1 / 8. 1 / 8. 1 / 8. Phenotypes:. 1 / 64. 6 / 64. 15 / 64. 20 / 64. 15 / 64. 1 / 64. 6 / 64. Number of

phuong
Download Presentation

Non-Mendelian Inheritance

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Non-Mendelian Inheritance

  2. AaBbCc AaBbCc Sperm 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 Eggs 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 Phenotypes: 1/64 6/64 15/64 20/64 15/64 1/64 6/64 Number of dark-skin alleles: 2 6 0 3 4 5 1 Polygenetic Inheritance -a trait is controlled by more than two alleles. Each dominant allele has a quantitative effect Ex. Skin color

  3. Height in Human Beings

  4. Frequency Distributions inPolygenic Inheritance

  5. Sex Determination -out of 46 only 2 are sex chromosomes = X & Y -XX = female, XY = male -44 are autosomes- code for everything else

  6. Sex Linked Genes -Carried on only the X or Y chromosome -Ex: Color blindness is a recessive trait carried only on the X chromosome (XC or Xc). A female needs to be Xc Xc to get it, but a male only has to be Xc Y to get it. So more males are color blind. XC Xc XC Y

  7. Numbers That You Should See If You Are In One Of The FollowingFour Categories: [Some Letter Choices Show No Visible Numbers] 4 Sex-Linked Traits: 1. Normal Color Vision: A: 29,  B: 45,  C: --,  D: 26  2. Red-Green Color-Blind: A: 70,  B: --,  C: 5,  D: --  3. Red Color-blind: A: 70,  B: --,  C: 5,  D: 6  4. Green Color-Blind: A: 70,  B: --,  C: 5,  D: 2

  8. Pedigree- a chart showing genetic inheritance

  9. Autosomal Recessive Pedigree Chart

  10. Autosomal Dominant Pedigree Chart

  11. Autosomal Recessive Disorders • Tay-Sachs Disease • Progressive deterioration of psychomotor functions. Lipid accumulation in brain cells. Death in childhood • Cystic Fibrosis • Mucus in bronchial tubes and pancreatic ducts is particularly thick and viscous • Phenylketonuria (PKU) • Lack enzyme for normal metabolism of phenylalanine. Mental retardation Albinism- lack of pigment (melanin) Sickle Cell (homozygous)

  12. Cystic Fibrosis Therapy

  13. Autosomal Dominant Disorders • Alzheimers (mental deterioration) • Achondroplasia (dwarfism) • Neurofibromatosis • Tan or dark spots develop on skin and darken • Small, benign tumors may arise from fibrous nerve coverings • Huntington Disease • Neurological disorder • Progressive degeneration of brain cells • Severe muscle spasms • Personality disorders

  14. A Victim of Huntington Disease

  15. Huntington Disease:Normal and Diseased Brain

  16. Incomplete Dominance the alleles are blended together to form an intermediate phenotype -    example:snap dragon color (red, white or pink)

  17. Co-Dominance - Both alleles are expressed in the phenotype (ex. Sickle cell anemia) BB= normal cell bb=sickle cell Bb Both (carrier)

  18. Phenotype (blood group) Red blood cell appearance Genotype Blood Type -Co-dominant: -caused by multiple alleles – 3 or more types A = has only A carbs. B = has only B carbs. AB = both AB carbs. O = no carbs. A B AB O

  19. Carbohydrate Allele Phenotype (blood group) Red blood cell appearance Genotype IA A B IB i none (a) The three alleles for the ABO blood groups and their associated carbohydrates Fig. 14-11 IAIA or IA i A B IBIB or IB i AB IAIB ii O (b) Blood group genotypes and phenotypes

  20. RH factor -Rhesus factor- antigens on the surface of blood cells that can cause an immune response • Positive (+) blood has antigens • Negative (-) blood has no antigens -a negative mother could harm a positive fetus. -a negative person getting positive blood can be harmed

  21. Epistasis  BbCc BbCc Sperm 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 BC bC Bc bc • One gene alters the expression of another gene Eggs 1/4 BC BBCc BBCC BbCC BbCc 1/4 bC bbCC bbCc BbCC BbCc 1/4 Bc BBcc Bbcc BBCc BbCc 1/4 bc BbCc bbCc Bbcc bbcc : 4 9 : 3

  22. Pleiotrophy • Some genes control more than one trait. (ex. Pea flower and seed color are controlled by one gene)

  23. Multifactorial genetics • Multifactorial traits are affected by genotype and the environment • Norm of reaction-phenotype range (more acid or aluminum results in darker flowers

  24. Himalayan Rabbits

More Related