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Quaestio : How did the Ottomans maintain order in their Empire ?

Nunc Agenda : Read “South Africa Struggles for Freedom” on pages 1048-1050 in the textbook and answer the question, “Why is Nelson Mandela remembered as a hero?”. Quaestio : How did the Ottomans maintain order in their Empire ?. Why were these three called the “Gunpowder Empires?”. Ottoman.

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Quaestio : How did the Ottomans maintain order in their Empire ?

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  1. Nunc Agenda: Read “South Africa Struggles for Freedom” on pages 1048-1050 in the textbook and answer the question, “Why is Nelson Mandela remembered as a hero?” Quaestio: How did the Ottomans maintain order in their Empire?

  2. Why were these three called the “Gunpowder Empires?” Ottoman Safavid Mughal

  3. Ottoman Empire • Ottoman Turks- One of many Turkic groups in Asia Minor that rose to dominate the region and beyond • COMMON PROBLEM- Central Rulers worry that local ruling nobles (aristocratic landowners) will challenge Central authority or even rebel • OTTOMAN SOLUTION- Created both a bureaucracy and military from scratch that was loyal to the Sultan • Devşirme- Policy of recruiting mostly Christian boys from the Balkans, teaching them Islam, and then training them for either Civil Service or Military • Those in military were called Janissaries- elite soldiers

  4. It’s Istanbul! (Not Constantinople!) • 1453- Sultan Mehmet II (Mehmet the Conqueror) conquered Constantinople (renamed Istanbul) with cannons, then conquered the Balkans and Greece • Byzantium  Constantinople  Istanbul • 1492- Catholics conquered Muslim Spain • Expelled Jews fled to the Ottoman Empire, brought banking connections and other helpful expertise.

  5. HagiaSophia

  6. HagiaSophia

  7. Inside the Hagia Sophia

  8. Inside the Hagia Sophia

  9. Suleiman the Magnificent • 1540-1566: Sultan Suleiman- extended Empire throughout Middle East and as far as Vienna in Europe • Four Social Classes • Men of the Sword • Men of the Pen • Men of Negotiation • Men of Husbandry

  10. Hagia Sophia vsSuleymaniye Mosque (Byzantine) (Ottoman)

  11. Inside the Suleymaniye

  12. Timurid Dynasty (Tamerlane)

  13. Ottoman Safavid Mughal

  14. Safavid Empire • Safavid Persians defeated Timurids • Shia Muslims who converted Iranto Shia Islam (still Shia today) • Shah Abbas the Great • Centralized government • Military was copy of Janissaries • Decline • Shia scholars wanted to persecute non-Shias • Afghan Sunnis rebel • Qajars take over until 1925

  15. SuleimanMagnificent or Lawgiver?

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