Would you rather…

1. Would you rather… • Elect this guy … or this guy

2. Thank God for Escobedo v. Illinois • Interrogation before Attorneys

3. Chapter 28: JFK and LBJ

4. John Fitzgerald Kennedy • John F. Kennedy was popularly known as JFK • Decorated WWII hero • Beautiful wife Jacqueline, two young children • Came from a famous, elite, wealthy family led by JFK’s father Joseph • Large extended family included brothers Robert (RFK) and Edward (Ted) • Many described the Kennedy presidency as Camelot • Symbolizing youth, vitality, mystique, and power

5. Election of 1960 • Democrat John F. Kennedy (MA Senator) vs. Republican Richard M. Nixon (Eisenhower’s Vice-President) • Numerous TV ads and first televised debate usher in era of “packaged politicians” • Debate results: • Showcased JFK: handsome, confident • Hurt Nixon: nervous, sweaty • JFK wins close election

8. JFK Inauguration • First (and, to date, only) Catholic president • Famous inaugural quote: “Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country” • Speech clip • Began his presidency with enemies among most Republicans and southern Democrats

9. New Frontier • JFK’s domestic initiatives came to known as the New Frontier • Congress defeated many of these initiatives • Deficit spending on defense and space programs helped spur the economy • Major accomplishment was the expansion of Women’s Rights • Presidential Commission on the Status of Women • Equal Pay Act of 1963

10. The Warren Court • Reapportionment (how political districts are drawn) court ordered that districts reflect “one man, one vote” • Due Process (right to fair treatment and proper procedures) • Gideon v. Wainwright - court appointed attorney • Escobedo v. Illinois – attorney present during questioning • Engel v. Vitale – school prayer banned • Debate

12. Do-Now • If you were going to make a wall to keep out illegal immigrants, what would it look like? (Guard towers? Moats? Tigers?)

13. JFK and Cold War Global challenges included: • Rivalry with Soviet Union • Stopping spread of communism • Alliance for Progress provided aid for developing countries, particularly Latin America • Peace Corps sent young Americans to perform humanitarian missions in developing countries 3. Reduce threat of nuclear war • Flexible Response • Reduce reliance on nuclear weapons • Increase development of conventional weapons and buildup troop levels 4. Space Race • Man on moon by 1969

14. Bay of Pigs • Fidel Castro had overthrown the Batista government in 1959 • Castro allied closely with Soviet Union • Invasion of Cuba planned by CIA under Eisenhower • Train and arm 1400 Cuban exiles • Start uprising to overthrow Castro • Invasion was disaster: • Boats ran aground • Air support cancelled • Almost all invaders were killed or captured

16. Berlin Wall • Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev demanded the US withdraw from Berlin, Kennedy refused • Khrushchev built Berlin Wall in 1961 • Wall prevented exodus of East Germans to the west • Became iconic symbol of the Cold War

19. Gate dividing Berlin in 1953

27. Cuban Missile Crisis • The United States discovers that nuclear missile sites are being built in Cuba • JFK announced on TV in October 1962 that the Soviet Union had long-range missiles in Cuba • Ordered a naval blockade of Cuba • Demanded that Soviets dismantle missile sites • Warns that US will respond to missile launch • Only time in history the Strategic Air Command went to DEFCONN 2 • Nikita Khrushchev and the USSR responded • Continue the work on missile sites • Agreed to negotiations

28. Aerial Photo: Missile Convoy

29. Aerial Photo: Missile Assembly

30. Cuban Missile Crisis • Compromise is finally reached • Removal of Soviet missiles from Cuba and the removal of American missiles from Turkey • The impact of the crisis was important for both nations • Khrushchev loses power and is eventually ousted • Soviets begin a massive effort to close military gap with US • Arms race escalates • Closest world has ever been to nuclear war

32. Do-Now • Put your research paper in the HW bin • Think about this question: Who killed JFK?

33. Death of a President Date: November 22, 1963 Where: Dallas, Texas Assassin: Lee Harvey Oswald • JFK, wife Jacqueline, TX Governor John Connolly and his wife were in the vehicle • Presidential motorcade reached Dallas’ Dealey Plaza • Video

34. Dealey Plaza

35. Texas School Book Depository overlooking Dealey Plaza

36. Looking up to window of TSBD from spot of first shot

38. Grassy Knoll on Dealey Plaza

39. Mrs. Kennedy helps Secret Service agent climb into the car

40. Mrs. Kennedy helps Secret Service agent Clint Hill climb into the car. The mortally wounded President is rushed to Parkland Hospital

41. Autopsy Photos

44. Death of a President • An avowed Marxist, Lee Harvey Oswald had lived in Soviet Union for a time • Oswald was employee at Texas School Book Depository which overlooks Dealey Plaza • Rifle found in building links Oswald to shooting • Arrested hours after assassination and accused of killing the president • Oswald insists he is innocent

46. Death of a President • Two days after his arrest, Oswald is gunned down while in police custody • Dallas nightclub owner, Jack Ruby, kills Oswald in full view of TV and press coverage • Death of Oswald leads to speculation of conspiracy in JFK assassination

47. Jack Ruby Shoots Oswald

48. JFK Funeral

49. Lyndon Baines Johnson • Lyndon Johnson (LBJ) takes the oath of office on Air Force One shortly after the assassination • -Jacqueline Kennedy is at his side

50. Lyndon Baines Johnson • Raised in Texas, LBJ had a rough but direct style • Many years of congressional experience • Became one of the senate’s most influential leaders • Known for his ability to build a consensus • Able to get much legislation passed