Sandia National Laboratories Facilities Maintenance and Operations Center Ladder Safety March 22, 2007

1. Sandia National Laboratories Facilities Maintenance and Operations Center Ladder Safety March 22, 2007

2. Purpose To prevent injuries to workers using ladders Employer Responsibility Employees who use ladders must be trained in proper selection, inspection, use, and storage. Ladder Safety

3. Hazards of Ladders Falls Slips Reaching too far Weather Damaged Ladder

4. Hazards of Ladders Oil or grease on a ladder Not secure Contact with electricity Objects that fall from ladders

5. OSHA Regulations Construction - 29 CFR 1926 Subpart X General Industry - 29 CFR 1910.24 through .27

6. Stairway or Ladder There must be a stairway or ladder at points of access where there is an elevation break of 19 inches or more. At least one point of access must be kept clear.

7. Types of Ladders Portable ladder Step Ladder Straight or Extension Ladder Fixed ladder Job-made ladder

8. Ladders must be kept in a safe condition – DO – Keep the area around the top and bottom of a ladder clear Ensure rungs, cleats, and steps are level and uniformly spaced Ensure rungs are spaced 10 to 14 inches apart Keep ladders free from slipping hazards

9. Use ladders only for their designed purpose – DON’T – Tie ladders together to make longer sections, unless designed for such use Use single rail ladders Load ladders beyond the maximum load for which they were built, nor beyond the manufacturer’s rated capacity General Ladder Requirements

10. A competent person must inspect ladders for visible defects, like broken or missing rungs, on a periodic basis and after an event that could affect their safe use Inspect ladder “feet” for non-skid material. If a defective ladder is found, immediately mark it defective or tag it "Do Not Use” Ladder Inspection

11. Ladder Inspection Withdraw defective ladders from service until repaired. Follow manufacturer’s guidelines for inspection. Include inspections in preventative maintenance schedules. Repair ladders to the original design. Have qualified personnel make repairs.

12. Secure ladders to prevent accidental movement due to workplace activity Only use ladders on stable and level surfaces unless secured Do not use ladders on slippery surfaces unless secured or provided with slip-resistant feet Securing Ladders

13. Use ladders for their intended purpose Set up the ladder on a firm, solid surface Keep ladders secured to prevent accidental displacement, such as in passageways and doorways Use barricades to keep activities or traffic away from the ladder Precautions for Safe Ladder Use

14. Precautions for Safe Ladder Use Inspect the ladder for defects before using it Select a ladder with adequate length and load limits Do not use metal ladders near electrical lines

15. Precautions for Safe Ladder Use Keep areas around the top and bottom of the ladder clear Open step ladders fully, and lock the spreaders Set up straight ladders using the 4-to-1 rule

17. Reference 1926.1053(b)(20),(21),(22) Reference 1926.1053(b)(20),(21),(22)

18. Precautions for Safe Ladder Use Hoist material up to you when you’ve reached the top of the ladder Work within the side rails Store ladders in designated areas

19. Precautions for Safe Ladder Use Don’t stand on the top 2 steps of a stepladder Don’t stand on the top 4 rungs of a straight ladder Never move a portable ladder with someone on it

20. Reference 1926.1053(b)(1) When portable ladders are used for access to an upper landing surface, the side rails must extend at least 3 feet above the upper landing surface. When such an extension is not possible, the ladder must be secured, and a grasping device such as a grab rail must be provided to assist workers in mounting and dismounting the ladder. A ladder extension must not deflect under a load that would cause the ladder to slip off its support. Reference 1926.1053(b)(1) When portable ladders are used for access to an upper landing surface, the side rails must extend at least 3 feet above the upper landing surface. When such an extension is not possible, the ladder must be secured, and a grasping device such as a grab rail must be provided to assist workers in mounting and dismounting the ladder. A ladder extension must not deflect under a load that would cause the ladder to slip off its support.

21. Reference 1926.1053(b)(12) Reference 1926.1053(b)(12)

22. Reference 1926.1053(b)(14) A metal spreader or locking device must be provided on each stepladder to hold the front and back sections in an open position when the ladder is being used. Reference 1926.1053(b)(14) A metal spreader or locking device must be provided on each stepladder to hold the front and back sections in an open position when the ladder is being used.

23. Fixed Ladder Specifications for the Construction Industry Equip a fixed ladder 24 feet or longer with either a: Ladder safety device Self-retracting lifelines with rest platforms every 150 feet or less Cage or well, and multiple ladder sections, each section not exceeding 50 feet

24. Reference 1926.1060(a) Retraining - Employers must retrain each employee as necessary to maintain the understanding and knowledge acquired through compliance with the standard. Reference 1926.1060(a) Retraining - Employers must retrain each employee as necessary to maintain the understanding and knowledge acquired through compliance with the standard.