1 / 27

CROP PRODUCTIVITY INDEX CPI SOIL ROOT SHOOT

CROP PRODUCTIVITY INDEX CPI SOIL ROOT SHOOT CROP YIELD. Tanah yg padat menghambat pertumbuhan akar ( kanan ).

pippa
Download Presentation

CROP PRODUCTIVITY INDEX CPI SOIL ROOT SHOOT

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. CROP PRODUCTIVITY INDEX CPI SOIL ROOT SHOOT CROP YIELD

  2. Tanah ygpadatmenghambatpertumbuhanakar (kanan) Pemadatantanahmempengaruhipertumbuhantanaman. There are not enough pores or spaces in compacted soil to allow unrestricted root movement, infiltration, drainage or air circulation. The restricted roots are often unable to take up sufficient water or nutrients from the soil. Pertumbuhantanamanterhambatdanhasilnyalebihrendah , terutamaselamaperiodekekeringan. Lapisan Tanah padattidakdapatditembusolehakartanaman Sumber: http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/agriculture/resources/soils/structure/compaction

  3. Effect of solution pH on soybean root growth (Sanzonowicz et al., 1998). pH larutan media tumbuhberpengaruhterhadappertumbuhanpemanjanganakarkedelai. Pemanjanganakarutamadanakar-akarcabangmeningkateksponensialdenganmeningkatnya pH media tumbuhnya. Sumber: http://courses.soil.ncsu.edu/ssc541de/units/ch3/main3_4.html

  4. Influence of solution Al3+ on corn root growth at tasseling in two North Carolina Ultisols (Jallah and Smyth, 1998). Peningkatankonsentrasi Al dalamlarutantanahmenghambatpertumbuhanpanjangakartanamanjagung. Sumber: http://courses.soil.ncsu.edu/ssc541de/units/ch3/main3_4.html

  5. Influence of exchangeable Al3+ on corn root growth in Oxisols and Ultisols (Gonzalez-Erico et al., 1979; Jallah and Smyth, 1998). Peningkatankejenuhan Al dalamtanahmengakibatkanhambatanpertumbuhanpanjangakartanaman, khususnyapadakejenuhan Al diatas 30%. Sumber: http://courses.soil.ncsu.edu/ssc541de/units/ch3/main3_4.html

  6. Influence of solution Ca from different sources on increasing root growth in wheat grown in a Ca deficient Oxisol. Padatanah-tanahmasam yang kaya Al3+tukar, efektoksisitas Al dapatdikurangiataudicegahdenganjalanmeningkatkankonsnetrasi Ca2+dalamlarutantanah. For example, Ritchie et al. (1983) added 0.1 cmol Ca2+ kg-1 to an Oxisol containing only 0.02 cmol Ca2+ kg-1, observing a 50% increase in wheat root growth, independent of Ca source Sumber: http://courses.soil.ncsu.edu/ssc541de/units/ch3/main3_4.html

  7. Efek Ca terhadappanjangakarutamatunggangtanamankedelai (Sanzonowiczet al., 1998b). Sumber: http://courses.soil.ncsu.edu/ssc541de/units/ch3/main3_4.html

  8. Root Growth and Development 2001 Peter Graham and Deborah Allan Bagian-bagianakartanaman, mulaidaribuluakar, epidermis, korteks, hinggapembuluhXilem. Sumber: http://www.soils.umn.edu/academics/classes/soil5611/content/RootGrowth_Development/index.htm

  9. Root Growth and Development 2001 Peter Graham and Deborah Allan Bagian-bagianakar: Penampang longitudinal i. MERISTEM UJUNG 1. cell division 2. hormone (PGR) synthesis ii. TUDUNG AKAR 1. geotropic response (senses gravity) also light 2. protection of apical meristem 3. facilitates penetration 4. synthesis and release of hormones iii. ZONE PEMANJANGAN DAN DIFERENSIASI iv. ZONE BULU AKAR 1. 5-10 mm dibelakangujungakar 2. Panjang, densitasdanumurbuluakar 3. Bertahanhidupbeberapahari 4. Dipengaruhiolehhormondansuplaihara v. Pembentukanakarlaeraldanpertumbuhannya Sumber: http://www.soils.umn.edu/academics/classes/soil5611/content/RootGrowth_Development/index.htm

  10. Root Growth and Development 2001 Peter Graham and Deborah Allan Faktor-faktorygmempengaruhipertumbuhanakar Hormon-hormondaritumbuhandanmikrobatanah Unsurhara - Concept of compensatory growth-phloem unloading increases where nutrients, water, etc. available. Air tanah - Loss of turgor required for cell elongation Mechanical impedance - Can't enter pores less than root tip diameter in width Temperature - Optimum 20-25 degrees Celcius Aeration - Need 10-15% oxygen in the soil gas phase Calcium - Need at least about 15% of total cations Organic compounds - Some high molecular weight enhance root initiation and elongation. Some low mw cpds at high conc can inhibit Microorganism - Inoculation usually inhibits root growth and root hair formation, but some can stimulate by nutrient mobilizatioin, nitrogen fixatioin and synthesis of PGRs (hormones) Sumber: http://www.soils.umn.edu/academics/classes/soil5611/content/RootGrowth_Development/index.htm

  11. Root Growth and Development 2001 Peter Graham and Deborah Allan Sistemakartanamankapri (Pisumarvense) ygmenunjukkanpertumbuhanakaryglebat (proliferasiakar) akibatpenempatanpupuk P dan K 5 cm disampingbenihdan 7-5 cm dibawahpermukaantanah (Cooke, 1954). Sumber: http://www.soils.umn.edu/academics/classes/soil5611/content/RootGrowth_Development/index.htm

  12. Root Growth and Development 2001 Peter Graham and Deborah Allan Modifikasibentukakartanaman barley (Hordeumvulgare) ygdiakibatkanolehsuplainitrat (1-0 mM) dibagiantengahdarisalahsatusumbuakar; sedangkandibagianlainnyakonsentrasinitrathanya 1/100 nya. Photograph taken 15 days after treatment (Drew and Saker, 1975). Sumber: http://www.soils.umn.edu/academics/classes/soil5611/content/RootGrowth_Development/index.htm

  13. Root Growth and Development 2001 Peter Graham and Deborah Allan Tipe-tipeSistemAkarTanaman A - Shallow, spreading fibrous root system. B - fibrous root system penetrating the soil evenly from 1 to 1.5 m. c - tap root system, in which main primary root penetrates soil 2.5 m or more. D - fibrous root system developed from adventilous roots growing at lower nodes of stem. E - tap root system in carrot (Daucuscarota). Sumber: http://www.soils.umn.edu/academics/classes/soil5611/content/RootGrowth_Development/index.htm

  14. Root Growth and Development 2001 Peter Graham and Deborah Allan Sistemakartanamandidaerah Prairie berumput-pendek, setelahberlangsungnyaperiodetahun dg surahhujan rata-rata (Hays, Kansas). Al - Allionislineraris, Ap - Aristidapurpurea, Aps - Ambrosia psilostachya, Bd - Buchloedactyloides, Bg - Boutelouagracilis, Kg - Kuhniaglutinosa, Lj - Lygodesmiajuncea, Mc - Malvastruncoccineum, Pt - Psoraliatenuiflora, Sm - Solidagomollis, Ss - Sideranthusspinulosus. Sumber: http://www.soils.umn.edu/academics/classes/soil5611/content/RootGrowth_Development/index.htm

  15. Root Growth and Development 2001 Peter Graham and Deborah Allan Sistemakartanamandisuatudaerahsetelahberlangsungnyaperiodetahunkering. Sumber: http://www.soils.umn.edu/academics/classes/soil5611/content/RootGrowth_Development/index.htm

  16. Root Growth and Development 2001 Peter Graham and Deborah Allan Efekjumlahcurah-hujanthdkedalamanperakarantanamangandum winter. (TeksturtanahLempungberpasirhalushinggaLempungberdebudidaerah Great Plains) Sumber: http://www.soils.umn.edu/academics/classes/soil5611/content/RootGrowth_Development/index.htm

  17. Root Growth and Development 2001 Peter Graham and Deborah Allan Lajupemanjanganakartanamankacangtanahdankapassebagaifungsidarikekuatantanah (resistensipenetrasiakar). Sumber: http://www.soils.umn.edu/academics/classes/soil5611/content/RootGrowth_Development/index.htm

  18. Root Growth and Development 2001 Peter Graham and Deborah Allan Sistemakartanaman barley muda yang tumbuhdilapanganpadatanah-tanah yang bobotisi (BI) nyaberbeda (Kiri ) BI = 1.35 g cm -3; (kanan) BI = 1.50 g cm -3. Sumber: http://www.soils.umn.edu/academics/classes/soil5611/content/RootGrowth_Development/index.htm

  19. Root Growth and Development 2001 Peter Graham and Deborah Allan Efeksuhu-tanahdi zone perakaranterhadapmorfologiakarkentangdanpertumbuhanbatangkecambahkentang (Sattelmacheret al., 1990) Sumber: http://www.soils.umn.edu/academics/classes/soil5611/content/RootGrowth_Development/index.htm

  20. Root Growth and Development 2001 Peter Graham and Deborah Allan Pengaruh pH larutanharaterhadappemanjanganakarLupinusangustifoliusdanPisumsativumselamaperiodetumbuh 60 jam (Tang et al., 1992) Sumber: http://www.soils.umn.edu/academics/classes/soil5611/content/RootGrowth_Development/index.htm

  21. Root Growth and Development 2001 Peter Graham and Deborah Allan Efek ratio molaritas Ca/Total kationdalamlarutantanahterhadappertumbuhanakartanamankapas. Sumber: http://www.soils.umn.edu/academics/classes/soil5611/content/RootGrowth_Development/index.htm

  22. Root Growth and Development 2001 Peter Graham and Deborah Allan Efekpengapuran subsoil masam (pH 4.6) thdpemanjanganakartanamankapas * *Based on Pearson et al. (1973)**Application of the same dose, but differently distributed Sumber: http://www.soils.umn.edu/academics/classes/soil5611/content/RootGrowth_Development/index.htm

  23. Root Growth and Development 2001 Peter Graham and Deborah Allan Sumber: http://www.soils.umn.edu/academics/classes/soil5611/content/RootGrowth_Development/index.htm

  24. Root Growth and Development 2001 Peter Graham and Deborah Allan Aspects of the rhizosphere that may influence the arrival of ions at the absorptive surface of the root. The extent of the unstirred layer that surrounds roots in solution culture is indicated. Dalamlapisanini, konsentrasi ion-ion dapatdnagatberbedadengankonsentrasinyadalamlarutankeseluruhan . Sumber: http://www.soils.umn.edu/academics/classes/soil5611/content/RootGrowth_Development/index.htm

  25. .Quercus ilex root growth in response to heterogeneous conditions of soil bulk density and soil NH4-N content Elena Cubera, Gerardo Moreno, Alejandro Solla. Soil and Tillage Research. Volume 103, Issue 1, April 2009, Pages 16–22 Variation of fine root densities with depth of Quercus ilex seedlings grown in soil with different doses of NH4: control, 0.1, 0.25, and 1 g NH4 L−1 soil. Sebagianbesarakar-akarhalustumbuhdalam topsoil . Sumber: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167198708001724

  26. SHOOT-ROOT RELATIONSHIP  Physiological mechanisms of crop responses to soil compaction. The thickness of the lines reflect qualitatively the importance attributed to each of the three major pathways. Pathway 1 involves direct root perception of soil hardness, and root signals inducing reduction in shoot growth. Pathway 2 involves a strong, reinforcing loop of reduced shoot and root growth which is mediated by impairment of the ability of root systems and canopies to capture resources. Pathway 3 involves reductions in the efficiency in the use of resources, as exemplified by radiation-use efficiency (RUE) and transpiration efficiency (TE). Crop responses to compacted soil: capture and efficiency in the use of water and radiation Víctor O. Sadras, Garry J. O’Leary, David K. Roget. Field Crops Research. Volume 91, Issues 2–3, 14 February 2005, Pages 131–148. Sumber: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429004001479

  27. SHOOT-ROOT RELATIONSHIP Sumber: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429004001479

More Related