Accessibility Instrument: SPACE SYNTAX Angular Segment Analysis based on Metric Distance

1. Accessibility Instrument: SPACE SYNTAX Angular Segment Analysis based on Metric Distance • Spatial analysis – spatial accessibility • Any design problem or planning decision regarding the built environment should be first of all faced as a spatial problem since space shapes movement patterns and presents network attributes. • Representation of space, called axial line, is based on cognitive grounds as initially the interest was on pedestrian movement. Road-centreline has been used for transport accessibility. • The node is the line of movement and not the junction. • Analysis of spatial representation system is based on graph theory and networks theory – measuring integration (closeness) and choice (betweeness). • Results are correlated with sociological observation methods, surveys and demographic data verifying that spatial configuration of cities is associated with their social circumstances (through movement flows). Relevant literature Hillier, B. & Hanson, J.1984, Social Logic of Space, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Hillier, B. 1996, Space is the Machine, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Proceedings of International Space Syntax Symposiums, www.spacesyntax.org D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h I t e c t u r e _U n I v e r s I t y o f T h e s s a l y _G r e e c e

2. Accessibility Instrument: SPACE SYNTAX Angular Segment Analysis based on Metric Distance • Angular segment analysis based on metric distance • Indicators used are: Axial lines connectivity – Axial lines segmentation by junctions - Angularity between axial lines - Metric distance measured on axial lines’ segments • This model: • is based on the axial lines segments between junctions • allows three types (measures) of distance:- metric (shortest paths)- topological (fewest turns paths)- geometrical (least angle change paths) • The model calculates at different scales (radii), local – intermediary– global, using the different types of distance. • calculates two main measures:- integration (closeness) : how close each segment is to all others under different types of distance and at different scale - choice (betweenness) : how much movement is likely to pass through each segment on trips between all other segments, again using different types of distance and different radii. Relevant literature Hillier, B. & Iida, S. Network and Psychological Effects in Urban Movement, In A.G. Cohn & A.D. Mark (eds) XOSIT 2005, LNCS 3693 , pp. 475-490, Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg Hillier, B. Turner, A. Yang, T. Park, H.T. 2010, Metric and Topo-Geometric Properties of Urban Street Networks, Journal of Space Syntax, vol.1, issue 2, pp. 258-279, UCL, London D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h I t e c t u r e _U n I v e r s I t y o f T h e s s a l y _G r e e c e

3. Accessibility Instrument: SPACE SYNTAX Angular Segment Analysis based on Metric Distance D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h I t e c t u r e _U n I v e r s I t y o f T h e s s a l y _G r e e c e

4. Accessibility Instrument: SPACE SYNTAX Angular Segment Analysis based on Metric Distance Input _ Base maps preferably in vector format but even image files of maps will do in order to create the axial/segment map. Research (Turner, 2007) replacing axial lines to road-centre lines has showed that road-centre lines can work equally well for transport analysis. Output _ Axial or segment maps easily visualized, with the axial lines/segment lines colored according to the applied coloring index of the relevant measure. Correlations (visual or statistical) with other types of data, demographic, observational etc. Software : Depthmap (Turner A., UCL) Confeego (Space Syntax Ltd, Mapinfo plug-inn) Relevant literature Turner, A. 2007, From axial to road-centre lines: a new representation for space syntax and a new model of route choice for transport network analysis, Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, vol.34, issue 3, pp.539-555 www.spacesyntax.org www.vr.ucl.ac.uk/depthmap D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h I t e c t u r e _U n I v e r s I t y o f T h e s s a l y _G r e e c e

5. Accessibility Instrument: SPACE SYNTAX Angular Segment Analysis based on Metric Distance In practice: Diagnosis tool: Researching urban systems to understand the spatial distribution of social and economical activities, of movement, land use, urban centres, crimes, social malaise and so on. Evidence-based design tool: Prediction of socio-economic impact of design schemes deriving from the change of the spatial structure. D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h I t e c t u r e _U n I v e r s I t y o f T h e s s a l y _G r e e c e

6. Accessibility Instrument: SPACE SYNTAX Angular Segment Analysis based on Metric Distance Jeddah Strategic Planning Framework (Space Syntax Ltd) Spatial discontinuity between the local and global scale of the urban network impedes the socio-economic improvement of the unplanned areas especially through decreasing their share of the global “movement economy”. Reconnect the isolated and fragmented core of the unplanned areas to the city-wide street network while preserving their local physical and spatial structures. Segment Route filtering (segments with highest value of angular choice at each scale) + Transformability Index (building quality, height, age, occupation, land-use) Relevant literature Karimi et al, 2007, Evidence-based spatial intervention for regeneration of informal settlements: the case of Jeddah unplanned settlements, Proceedings 6th International Space Syntax Symposium, Istanbul D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h I t e c t u r e _U n I v e r s I t y o f T h e s s a l y _G r e e c e

7. Accessibility Instrument: SPACE SYNTAX Angular Segment Analysis based on Metric Distance Jeddah Strategic Planning Framework (Space Syntax Ltd) Relevant literature Karimi et al, 2007, Evidence-based spatial intervention for regeneration of informal settlements: the case of Jeddah unplanned settlements, Proceedings 6th International Space Syntax Symposium, Istanbul D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h I t e c t u r e _U n I v e r s I t y o f T h e s s a l y _G r e e c e