1 / 43

Radio broadcasting in Portugal: an overview

Radio broadcasting in Portugal: an overview. Luís Carvalho Radio enthusiast & Dxer WRTH contributor for Portugal FMLIST editor for Portugal Personal website about radio ( mainly in Portuguese): Mundo da Rádio - http://www.mundodaradio.com E-mail: mundodaradio@gmail.com.

Download Presentation

Radio broadcasting in Portugal: an overview

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Radio broadcasting in Portugal: an overview • Luís Carvalho • Radio enthusiast & Dxer • WRTH contributorfor Portugal • FMLIST editor for Portugal • Personal website about radio (mainly in Portuguese): • Mundo da Rádio - http://www.mundodaradio.com • E-mail: mundodaradio@gmail.com EDXC Conference 2013 6-9 September – Figueira da Foz, Portugal

  2. Acronyms, abbreviationsandexpressionsused in thispresentation • ANACOM (Autoridade Nacional de Comunicações) – regulatoryauthority for communications in Portugal, responsible for managing radio spectrum. • LW – longwavebroadcastingband(153-279 kHz) • MCR – Média Capital Rádios • MW – mediumwavebroadcastingband (531-1602 kHz) • NDB –Non-directionalbeacon • POR, MDR & AZR: ITU country codes for Portugal, Madeira &Azores, respectively. Refs. to MDR include Madeira & Porto Santo islands. • Portugal – References to Portugal cover notonlythemainland, butalso Madeira andAzoresarchipelagos, unlessotherwisestated. • RCP – Rádio Clube Português • RR – Rádio Renascença • RTP – Rádio e Televisão de Portugal • SW – shortwave • Tx – transmitter • VHF-FM – FM broadcastingband (87.5 – 108 MHz)

  3. Tableofcontents • Historyof radio broadcasting in Portugal (1914-2013) • Some importantevents • Radio stations in Portugal • RTP (Rádio e Televisão de Portugal) • r/com (Rádio Renascença) group • MCR (Média Capital Rádios) • TSF • Local stations • Internationalshortwavebroadcasting in Portugal (1930s - 2011) • Rádio Portugal / RDP Internacional • RARET / Radio Free Europe (Glória do Ribatejo / Maxoqueira) • ProFunkGmbH / DeutscheWelle • Some facts& curiositiesabout radio broadcasting in Portugal • Bibliography / usefuldocumentation & acknowledgements

  4. Historyof radio broadcasting in Portugal(1914-2013) Some importantevents

  5. Historyof radio broadcasting in Portugal: some importantevents • 1914 – first radio broadcast in Portugal by Fernando Medeiros • 1931 – “Rádio Clube da Costa do Sol” (exCT1 DY - Rádio Parede) changeditsdesignation to Rádio Clube Português (RCP) • 1935 – Emissora Nacional de Radiodifusão isofficiallylaunched • 1937 – Rádio Renascença startsbroadcasting • 1949 – Rádio Altitude (Guarda) makesitsfirst regular broadcasts • 1951 – Radio Free EuropecreatesRARET facilitiesatGlória do Ribatejo (Salvaterra de Magos), installing SW transmittersbroadcasting to Central Europe. 1954 – CEU (Centro Emissor Ultramarino), later CEOC (Centro Emissor de Onda Curta) [literally, Shortwavebroadcasting centre] isofficially open, improvingtransmittingconditions for Rádio Portugal • 1954 – ThefirstVHF-FM trial broadcasts in Portugal take placeusing a txbuiltby RCP technicianswhoinstalleditatthe Philips facilities in Lisboa • 1956 – Emissora Nacional installedthefirst 2 VHF-FM txsatLisboaandLousã • 1970 - DeutscheWelle (ProFunkGmbH)installs a shortwavetransmitter site at Sines.

  6. Historyof radio broadcasting in Portugal: some importantevents • 1974– CarnationRevolution(wewilltalk later abouttheimportanceof radio in thecoup) • 1976– Allprivate stations butRádio Renascença, Rádio Altitude andRádio Pólo Norte (thelattercloseddown in late 1980s) are nationalised. • 1976 – A newcompany, Radiodifusão Portuguesa (RDP) iscreated to replaceEmissora Nacional as thepublicservicebroadcaster • 1979 – RDP launches a new station, RDP - Rádio Comercialusingthe MW and VHF-FM frequenciesassigned to Rádio Clube Português (nationalised in 1976) • 1987 – Rádio RenascençalaunchesRFMusing a second VHF-FM tx network • 1988 – On 24 December, allpirate stations weresilenced. • 1989 – Private local stations (nowlicensed) resume broadcasts. • 1993 – Rádio Comercial isprivatised. • 1994 – Antena 3, thethirdpublic radio, opened, covering Lisboa, Porto & Braga. Soonly, itreachesthewhole country excepttheAzores (wherearrivedmuch later). • 1998 – DuringtheExpo’98 (1998 LisbonWorldExibition), RDP makesthefirstDAB (Digital AudioBroadcasting)trials in Lisboa and Porto using 4 transmitters. DAB serviceswereshutdown in 2011.

  7. Historyof radio broadcasting in Portugal: some importantevents • 2004– RDP (Radiodifusão Portuguesa) ismergedwiththepublic TV - RTP (Radiotelevisão Portuguesa into a newcompanycalledRádio e Televisão de Portugal. • 2008– Rádio Renascença (RR) launchesRádio Sim, a station targetedatlistenersover 55, using MW network and a smallnumberof VHF-FM transmitters. • 2009 – RDP Internacional/R. PortugalbroadcastsnowonDRM (Digital Radio Mondiale) via DeutscheWelle - PROFUNK GmbH (Sines). • 2010 – RR & RFMreacheAzores & Madeira, afterinstalling 2 highpowertxs. • 2010 – Antena 3 reachesnowtheAzores, coveringthemaincitiesusing4 txs. • 2011 – RDP Internacional “suspendstemporarily” SW broadcasts.. Meanwhile, DeutscheWellefacilities in Sines are closedowna fewmonths later, endingwithinternational SW broadcasting in Portugal. • 2011 –DABbroadcasts are shutdowndue to highrunningcosts, goodcoverageon VHF-FM andlackoflisteners. • 2013 – In order to reducecosts, RR switchesofftemporarily some MW txs for Rádio Sim in locationswellservedby VHF-FM txs.

  8. Radio stations in Portugal

  9. Radio stations in Portugal • National stations: • State-ownedpublicbroadcasting: • RTP (Rádio e Televisão de Portugal): • Antena 1 (news, current affairs, culture, Portuguese music) • Antena 2 (serious, classicalmusic, cultural programmes) • Antena 3 (mainstream & alternative pop/rock/dance music)

  10. Radio stations in Portugal • National stations: • Privatebroadcasters: • r/com (Rádio Renascença) group(commercial, religious station ownedbyvariousorganisationswithinthe Portuguese CatholicChurch): • Rádio Renascença(*) (news, current affairs, music, religiousprogrammesandservices) • RFM (rock/pop music) • Rádio Sim(*) (oldies, programmes for anolderaudience) • MCR (Média Capital Rádios) group (commercial): • Rádio Comercial (pop/rock music) • Star FM (inactivemediumwave network) (*) Few VHF-FM txsassigned to Rádio Renascença (RR) broadcast Rádio Sim; all MW outletscarryalsothelatter. Rádio Sim also uses some local stations to serve on VHF-FM a numberofcities.

  11. Radio stations in Portugal • Regional private& commercialstations: • Northern network (Centre & Northof Portugal mainland) • TSF (news station) • Southern network (Southof Portugal mainland) • M80 Rádio (1970-1990s oldies station) Please note thatboth TSF & M80 are alsorelayedby some local stations sothatthefirstone (TSF) serves some cities in thesouthof Portugal, while M80 reachesalso a numberofcities in theNorth.

  12. Radio stations in Portugal • Local stations: • About 300 active local stations on VHF-FM; 1 active MW station in Madeira (despitetheexistenceoffewvalid MW licences in themainland & Azoresassignedbutnotcurrently in use). • A numberof stations are used for networks (eg: Cidade FM, Smooth FM, Mega Hits etc.) • Every single station isassigned to a particular municipality. Undercertaincircumstances, ANACOM allows a radio station to displaceitstransmitter to a adjacentmunicipality in order to improve coverage, usuallyimposingtechnicallimitations.

  13. RTP – Rádio e Televisão de Portugal Photos: MW transmitteratBoidobra (Covilhã), broadcastingAntena 1on666 kHz 10 kW. Observe thecapacityhatatthe top ofthetowercarryingYagi-Uda antennas. Unlikeother MW towers, theradiatingantennaisnotthetoweritself as some peoplemightthink, butinsteadthe 3 wiresalongthetower (fromthe top to bottom; not to beconfusedwiththeguy- wires). Cortesyof Paulo Pinto.

  14. RTP – Rádio e Televisão de Portugal • Publicservice, state-ownedbroadcaster • Started in 4 August 1935 as Emissora Nacional de Radiodifusão • AftertheCarnationRevolution(25 April 1974), thestate radio changeditsname to RDP (Radiodifusão Portuguesa) • In 2004, the Portuguese governmentmerged RTP (public TV) and RDP into a new holding calledRTP (Rádio e Televisão de Portugal) 5 radio stations: • Antena 1 – coversvirtuallythewhole country (inc. MDR & AZR) on VHF-FM & MW; alsoavailable via satellite in Europe & North Africa • Antena 2 – availableonlyon VHF-FM; fullcoverageof POR, almostfullcoverageof AZR and a network servingmostpartsof MDR. • Antena 3– availableonlyon VHF-FM; liketheprevious 2 channels, coversvirtuallyallthepopulationofmainlandand Madeira archipelago; serves also some Azoreanislands (São Miguel, Terceira & Faial) • RDP África – available in Lisboa (101.5 MHz), Coimbra (103.4) and Faro (99.1 MHz). The station covers (VHF-FM) also some partsof Portuguese-speaking countries in Africa such as Cape Verde, Mozambique, São Tomé e Príncipe andGuinea-Bissau. RDP África broadcastsalsoonsatellite. • RDP Internacional (exRádio Portugal): worldwidecoverage via satellite; itisalsorelayedon VHF-FM in East Timor (Díli – 105.3 MHz). RTP suspendedshortwavetransmissions in 2011.

  15. RTP transmitter network • Antena 1: • 17 MWtransmitters in Portugal mainland (2 inactive), plus2transmitters in theAzores. • 39 VHF-FM transmitters in Portugal, 26 txs in Azores & 15 txs in Madeira (14 in the Madeira islanditself, plusonetxat Porto Santo) • Antena 2: • 36 VHF-FM txs in Portugal, 19 txs in theAzores, plus6 txs in Madeira archipelago. • Antena 3: • 35 VHF-FM txs in Portugal mainland, 6 txs in Azores & 15 txs in Madeira • RDP África: • 3 VHF-FM txs in Portugal mainland: 101.5 MHz 4 kW Monsanto (Lisboa), 103.4 MHz 1 kW Coimbra & 99.1 MHz 1 kW Faro Take intoaccountthatthementioned figures don’treflecttheexistenceof a verysmallnumberofVHF-FM txs(as ofAugust 2013 , 1 for Antena 1, 1 for Antena 2 and2 for Antena 3) runningtestsunderconsentof ANACOM (thereforenotyetlicensed). Moreover, a smallnumberoftowers in POR & AZR havesimultaneouslyantennas for MW & VHF-FM (e.g., Viseu, Portalegre, Mte. das Cruzes [Flores, Azores]).

  16. RTP transmitternetwork • Mediumwave (MW) transmitters: • 10 active 10 kW txs in Portugal mainland, plus5 txswith 2 kW. In theAzores, RTP has2 active txs:onewith 10 kW runningat3 kW; theotherbroadcastswith1 kW. • Txat Miramar (Vila Nova de Gaia, near Porto) – 720 kHz 10 kW andthetxat Valença (666 kHz 10 kW) are inactive. • VHF-FM transmitters in Portugal mainland: • Highpowertxs (over 30 kW): • Monsanto (Lisboa) – coverstheregionofLisboa , some partsofthedistrictofSetúbalandpartiallythedistrictofSantarém; • Monte da Virgem (Vila Nova de Gaia – near Porto) – serves notonlytheregionofPortobutalso some areasofAveiro, thecoastalareasofViana do Casteloand some partsofthedistrictofBraga; • Trevim (Serra da Lousã) – coverstheCenterof Portugal, especiallytheregionofCoimbra (includingthecityof Figueira da Foz), butalsoLeiria, Aveiro, Viseu, some partsofSantarémandCastelo Branco. • Low & mediumpowertxs (lessthan 30 kW): • 1 txrunningat25 kW (Fóia – Serra de Monchique), 12 txswith10 kW & 26 txsbelow10 kW (from 0.05 to 9 kW)

  17. RTP: VHF-FM txat Serra da Lousã (Trevim) Pictures (exceptthemap) cortesyof Paulo Pinto RTP radio servicesbroadcastingfromTrevim: 87.9 MHz 34 kW – Antena 1 89.3 MHz 34 kW – Antena 2 102.2 MHz 39 kW – Antena 3

  18. RTP: MW transmitter (C.E.N. – Castanheira do Ribatejo – 666 kHz 10 kW) • Located in Castanheira do Ribatejo, withinthemunicipalityof Vila Franca de Xira - 36 km awayfrom Lisboa and 129 km (straight line) fromFigueira da Foz • Firstbroadcast : 5 February 1945 • From 1945 to 1983, Emissora Nacional (later RDP) broadcastPrograma 1 & Programa 2 (currentlyAntena 1 & Antena 2)usingtwo 135 kW BBC-Brown Boveri Co. txs • Nowadays, RTP uses a 10 kW txbroadcasting Antena 1; C.E.N. isalsofittedwith a sparetx (bothNautel) Photos: Paulo Pinto

  19. r/com - renascença comunicação multimédia(Rádio Renascença Group) Gardunha transmitter (VHF-FM) :RR– 103.4 MHz & RFM – 99.5 MHz (both 10 kW); phototaken in 2010; the 2 photoscortesyof Paulo Pinto Vila Real MW transmitter for Rádio Sim - 981 kHz 1 kW (taken in 2008)

  20. r/com (Rádio Renascença group) Rádio Renascença (RR)is a private, commercialandreligious radio station ownedbythe Portuguese CatholicChurch. RR startedbroadcastingofficiallyon 1 January 1937 Untilthe 1960s, RR hadonly2 MW outletslocated in LisboaandPorto, besidesone SW tx in the capital of Portugal (Lisboa). Between 1965 and 1971, thestation installed a VHF-FM network of17 transmitterscoveringmostpartsofthe country (mainland). On 7 November, duringthetransitionalperiodknown as PREC, txsat Buraca (near Lisboa) werebombedby a radical left-wingpoliticalmovement. Duringthe late 1970s/ early 1980s, RR instalednew MW transmitterscovering Portugal mainland. On 1 January 1987, a newmusic station ownedby Rádio Renascença (Renascença FM, nowRFM), enteredonair, broadcastingusing a second VHF-FM tx network. In 1998, RR grouplaunchedthethird radio station, Mega FM (nowMega Hits), reaching a younger target audience. Tenyears later, on 4 August 2008, Rádio Sim (aimedatlistenersover 55) waslaunched, broadcastingonmediumwaveand a smallnumberofVHF-FM transmittersassigned to RR.

  21. r/com transmitternetwork • Rádio Renascença: • 23 VHF-FM transmittersin mainland, 1txin Azores & 1 txin Madeira • Rádio Sim: • 13 MW txs, 4 ofthemtemporarily inactive due to costreduction: 1 x 100 kW txcurrentlyrunningwith 1 kW (Muge); 1 x 20 kW ( 2x 10 kW) txusingonly 10 kW (Vilamoura); 6 x 10 kW txs (3 inactive) & 6 x 1kW txs(1 inactive) • 4 VHF-FM txs in Portugalmainland, plus 5 local stations (1with a lowpowerrelayapartfromthemaintx) relaying Rádio Sim (mostofthemownedby RR). No coverageof Madeira orAzores. • RFM: • 28 VHF-FM txs in Portugal mainland, plus 1 txin Azores & 1 in Madeira • Mega Hits: • 6 local VHF-FM stations in themainlandat Lisboa, Sintra, Coimbra, Aveiro, Valongo & Braga. Remark: besidesthementionednumberoftxs, RR & RFM has (August 2013) onetxundertestsnotyetlicensedby ANACOM.

  22. Rádio Sim – txat Muge (MW 594 kHz) • Thetalleststructure in Portugal (265m) • Built in theearly 1980s, likemost MW transmitters for Rádio Renascença (currently Rádio Sim) • Maintransmitter – 100 kW; backuptransmitters – 2x 10 kW); As ofAugust 2013, R. Sim isrunningat1 kW usingoneofthetwosparetxsdue to cost –cutting. • Muge wasalsofittedwith a shortwavetx (100 kW), whichhas been inactive for many years. • Photostaken in 2011 by P. Pinto.

  23. r/com – VHF-FM transmitterat Monte da Virgem (Vila Nova de Gaia – near Porto) • Picture taken in 2007 by Paulo Pinto, whenthetowerwassharedwiththeprivate TV channel TVI (hencetheexistenceof UHF antennas); as analogue TV wasswitched-off in 2012 and DTT in Portugal uses some towersownedby Portugal Telecom, itisexpected (notconfirmed) thattheshowntowerisnowonlyusedby radio stations. • Thetowerisnow (2013) sharedwith Rádio Comercial & Cidade FM • Frequencies (2013): • Rádio Renascença – 93.7 MHz 50 kW • RFM – 104.1 MHz 50 kW • Rádio Comercial – 97.7 MHz 44 kW • Cidade FM – 107.2 MHz 0.5 kW (local station assigned to V. N. de Gaia)

  24. MCR - Média Capital Rádios • Média Capital - major media group in Portugal, which owns the private television TVI, some printed magazines and 7 radios: Transmitter network (all VHF-FM unlessotherwisestated): • Rádio Comercial (pop/rock music station) • National network of22 txs in themainland • M80 Rádio (1970-1990s music station) • Regional network of7 txsin theSouthof Portugal; 8associated local stations broadcasting M80 in theNorth & Centre ofthe country • Cidade FM – pop/hip-hop/dance music • 10 local stations • Star FM (1950-1970s) music • 2 inactive mediumwaveoutletslocated in Benavente (1035 kHz) & Avanca (near Estarreja – 783 kHz); nomimalpower: 100 kW • 6 local stations • Other stations: Vodafone FM (2 txs), Best Rock FM (1 tx) & MFM (1 tx) - all local stations)

  25. TSF • Regional, private, commercialnews station operatingon VHF-FM • Firstbroadcast as pirate station in 1984 • Regular broadcasts (stillpirate) startedon29 February 1988 • Likemanyothersillegal stations, stoppedtransmittingon 24 December 1988 • A fewmonths later, nowlegalised, TSF resumes broadcastsnowon89.5 MHz Lisboa • In 1991, TSF expandscoverage to Coimbra (98.4 MHz) andPorto (90.0 MHz) using local stations. • Twoyears later, TSF replaces Radio Press in theNorthern regional network. Meanwhile, TSF grouplaunchesXFM, analternativemusic station (whichcloseddown in 1997). • Transmitter network as ofAugust 2013 (VHF-FM): • Regional network of13 txsbetween0.1 & 50 kW • Local stations in Lisboa (89.5), Évora (105.4), Faro (101.6), Caldas da Rainha (103.1 MHz); Madeira - Funchal 100.0 MHz; Azores- Ponta Delgada 99.4 MHz

  26. Local stations in Portugal • Mediumwave (MW): • 1 tx in Madeira (Porto Emissor do Funchal – 1530 kHz); 1 inactive tx in themainland(Rádio Altitude), several inactive txs in Azores (Rádio Clube de Angra, Rádio Clube Asas do Atlântico, Rádio Lajes – A Voz da Força Aérea Portuguesa) [Portuguese Air Force] & 1 activemilitaryAmerican station in theAzores(Armed Forces Radio and Television Service (AFRTS). All stations broadcaston VHF-FM. • VHF-FM: • Over 300 active local stations, mostofthemconvertedinto networks(some werealreadymentioned in previous slides, such as Rádio Sim, M80 Rádio, TSF, etc). • Transmittingpower varies from 0.4 kW to 5 kW (thelatter in Lisboa, Porto & Coimbra) • Some stations havelowpower (50 W) relays in order to improve reception in areasnotwellservedbythemaintx. • Local VHF-FM stations from Figueira da Foz: • Maiorca FM – 92.1 MHz 2 kW • Rádio Clube Foz do Mondego – 99.1 MHz 2 kW

  27. Local stations in Portugal Rádio Condestável (Sertã) – maintxat Cabeço Rainha (91.3 MHz 0.5 kW) Rádio Condestável (Sertã) – lowpowerrelayat São Macário (97.5 MHz 0.05 kW); photocortesyof Pedro Ramalhete

  28. Local stations in Portugal Two local stations from Porto withtransmitterat Monte da Virgem : Rádio Festival (94.8) & Rádio Nova (98.9), both 5 kW.In this case, thetowerislocatedoutsidethemunicipality for whichthe 2 stations wereassigned (Porto); in fact, Monte da Virgem belongs to themunicipalityof Vila Nova de Gaia. Photocredit: P. Pinto.

  29. Local stations in Portugal A towersharedby a national radio andtwo local stations atMundão (Viseu): Rádio Comercial (94.3 MHz 0.5 kW), Cidade FM (102.8 MHz 2 kW) & M80 Penalva do Castelo (95.6 MHz 0.5 kW). Note thatthetransmittingantennas for M80 havereflectors ( look atthe 4 antennasseen in the foreground of the third image (fromleft to right). CortesyofP. Pinto.

  30. Internationalshortwavebroadcasting in Portugal (1930s - 2011) Photo: RARET facilities in Glória do Ribatejo (1951-1996). ImageretrievedfromFlickr website. Credit: Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation

  31. Rádio Portugal / RDP Internacional • First SW tx site (1935-1954): Barcarena (Oeiras – near Lisboa). • CEU (Centro Emissor Ultramarino), later CEOC (Centro Emissor de Onda Curta), alsocalled “São Gabriel”, wasopened in 1954. The site islocatednear Canha – about 42 km fromLisboa (straight line). • RDP Internacional SW broadcastshavebeensuspendedsinceJune 2011and, unfortunately, as ofAugust 2013, the Portuguese governmentisnotwilling to reactivatetheservice. • Transmitters (situation in 2011): • 1 x 300 kW TELEFUNKEN S 4005 • 3 x 300 kW THALES TSW 2300 • 4 x 100 kW backup transmitters • antennas: • Curtainarrays • Rhombicantennas for Venezuela / MiddleEast + India ; txswererunningat 100 kW becausetheantennascouldnothandle more power.

  32. Rádio Portugal / RDP Internacional • RTP facilitiesat S. Gabriel. Top:thephotoontheleft shows whatappears to betransmissionlinesconnected to the SW transmitters. Thepictureshownontherightrepresentsthe Emissora Nacional facilities. ImagesretrievedfromFlickr website. Credit: Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation. Colourpictureatthebottom: oneofthecurtainarrays. Phototakenby Ricardo Taveira.

  33. RARET / Radio Free Europe (Glória do Ribatejo / Maxoqueira) • Built in 1951 bythecompanyRARET ( Sociedade Anónima de Rádio Retransmissão, Lda.) • TxsatGlória do Ribatejo (Salvaterra de Magos) broadcast Radio Free Europe in severalEasternEuropeanlanguages. RFE programmesweretunedatMaxoqueira(near Benavente) andsent to theoffices in Lisboa sothattheycouldbesubmitted for review. • Maxoqueirareceiving station was later convertedinto a secondtransmitting site. • Txsat Glória do Ribatejo: 4 x 100 kW (1953); manyyears later (1980s-1990s (?)), 500 kWtxswereinstalled. • A first-personnarrative in Portuguese by a (nowdeceased) technician can bereadathttp://www.aminharadio.com/radio/raret_raret . • RARET facilitiescloseddown in 1996. Some infrastructuresweredismantled(theremainingfacilitiesshouldbevisitable). There are plans to demolishthewholearea in order to buildtouristicattractions.

  34. RARET / Radio Free Europe (Glória do Ribatejo / Maxoqueira) ImagesretrievedfromFlickr website. Credit: Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation

  35. ProFunkGmbH / DeutscheWelle SW centre at Sines • Openedofficially in 1970 • Beforesatellitebroadcastswerebecomingcommon, DW used a receiving station at Sesimbra. Thefacilitiesweretorndown in 1990. • As DW wasnotusingalltransmitters 24 hours a day, many stations, includingRadio Canada International, AdventistWorldRadio, BBC, NHK (Japan) rentedthetxs for some hours per day. AnotherremarkableexampleisRádio Renascença (for a short periodof time). • Theagreementbetween Portugal & Germanystatedthat DW shouldbroadcast Rádio Portugal/RDP Internacional for a certainnumberofhoursagreedbetweenthebroadcasters. • Firsttransmitters: 3 x 250 kW Marconi; manyyears later replacedwith 3 x 250 kW Thomcast DRM [Digital Radio Mondiale] capable). • Alltheinfrastructuresat Sines closeddownon 30 October 2011, endingwith SW broadcastsafter 40 yearsof regular service.

  36. ProFunkGmbH / DeutscheWelle SW centre at Sines Picture: oneoftherotatableshortwaveantennasat Sines. Photoretrievedusing Street View, from Google Earth software (free for non-commercial use).

  37. Some facts & curiositiesabout radio broadcasting in Portugal r/com (Rádio Renascença) studioson Rua Ivens (Ivens Street) in Lisboa. Photo: Luís Carvalho

  38. Some facts & curiositiesabout radio broadcasting in Portugal Didyouknowthat… Thefirstknown radio audiobroadcast in Portugal tookplace in 1914, when Fernando Medeiros used a transmitter to say “Está lá, ouve bem?” (“hello, are youlistening?”). Thetransmitionwas in factlistened 100 metersaway (withinthecityof Lisboa) using a crystal radio. Radio playedkey role duringtheCarnationRevolution (25 April 1974), whentheauthoritarian regime ruledby Oliveira Salazar (1932-1968) and Marcello Caetano (1968-1974) fell, openingtheway to democracy in Portugal? Rádio AlfabetafromEmissores Associados de Lisboa playedthefirstsecretsignalto warnmilitaryofficers; thesongwas “E Depois do Adeus”, by Paulo de Carvalho, whichwasPortugal’sentry in the 1974 EurovisionSongContest. Thesecondsignalwasthesong “Grândola, Vila Morena” by Zeca Afonso, whichwasbroadcastbyRádio Renascençaon 25 Aprilat12:20 AM. RR waschosenbecause in 1974 ithadalready a nationwide VHF-FM network, somilitaryinsurgentsaroundthe country couldbeawareofthecoupunderway.

  39. Some facts & curiositiesabout radio broadcasting in Portugal Didyouknowthat… • Programa 2 (Emissora Nacional) [later Antena 2] wasnotonlytuned (onmediumwave & VHF-FM)by Portuguese peoplebutalsoenjoyedbya numberofSpanishlisteners. In thosedays, Spainnational radio (RNE) didnothave a classicalmusic station, soSpanishenthusiaststuned in theirreceiversoneofthetwopowerful MW transmittersatCast.ª do Ribatejo andAzurara (thelatterwasshutdown in the 1980s) . Programa 2 quitmediumwave in 1983. • Itisestimatedthat in 1988 therewerebetween 500 and 800 pirateradios in Portugal?On 24 December 1988, alltheillegal stations had to stop broadcasting in order to apply for a licence. About 300 stations werelegalised, gettingbackonair in 1989. • According to statistics (2010), 54.6% ofthemainlandpopulationover 15 listen to the radio everyday? In 2005, thecarwastheplacepreferred to listenby 29.4%. • Themostlistened radio station in Portugal is, as of 2013, Rádio Comercial, followedby RFM? • In spite of the fact thatthere are no longwave (LW) radio stations in Portugal, a NDB (Non-Directional radio Beacon) in Flores island (Azores) uses 270 kHz, withintheinternationallyassignedband for broadcastingpurposes?

  40. Bibliography / usefuldocumentation: • Internet links: • Spectrumregulation in Portugal • ANACOM - http://www.anacom.pt/(in Portuguese) • Frequencylistsof radio stations in Portugal • ANACOM database: http://www.anacom.pt/render.jsp?categoryId=1729 • “Mundo da Rádio” database(in Portuguese): • http://www.mundodaradio.com/frequencias/bd/bd.html • FMLIST - http://www.fmlist.org/ul_login.php?sprache=en (worldwide station database) • MWLIST - http://www.mwlist.org/ul_login.php?sprache=en – FMLIST mediumwavecounterpart • Historyof radio broadcasting in Portugal: • História da Rádio em Portugal -http://telefonia.no.sapo.pt/(in Portuguese) • A Minha Rádio -http://www.aminharadio.com/radio/(in Portuguese) • Englishwikipedia- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Portugal (links to some articlesrelated to radio stations in the country) • Portugal 1974/75: Radio and Revolution - http://history-is-made-at-night.blogspot.pt/2012/03/portugal-197475-radio-and-revolution.html

  41. Bibliography / usefuldocumentation: • Oldtransmitterphotos: • RARET (Glória do Ribatejo) [1951-1996] – Radio Free Europe - https://secure.flickr.com/photos/biblarte/sets/72157613562603023/with/3269451364/ • http://restosdecoleccao.blogspot.pt/2011/10/raret-radio-retransmissao.html • Emissora Nacional - https://secure.flickr.com/photos/biblarte/sets/72157611824253132/with/3146555193/ • OtherimagesretrievedfromWikimediaCommons(https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page) andFlickr (http://www.flickr.com). • Photo in thefirst slide: Rádio Universidade de Coimbra (RUC) – studio 1. Credit: Inês Saraiva • Books: • WRTH (World Radio TV Handbook) – buythebookathttp://www.wrth.com

  42. Acknowledgements • Theauthorwouldlike to thank: • Jorge Guimarães Silva, for giving me permition to use (andtranslate to English) some contentsofthe website “História da Rádio em Portugal” (http://telefonia.no.sapo.pt) • Pedro Ramalhete, Paulo Pinto and Ricardo Taveira for allowingthe use oftheirphotos. • Pedro Ferreiraandotherpeoplewhoposted in “Fórum da Rádio” (withinmy “Mundo da Rádio” website) [theforumiscurrently offline becauseoftechnicalissues] andin the “Mundo da Rádio” Yahoo! group(http://groups.yahoo.com/group/mundo_da_radio/) notonlyphotosoftransmittersbutalsousefulinformationabout radio stations in Portugal • Carlos Gonçalves, for providing in thementionedandonanother Internet sites veryusefultechnicalinformationconcerning radio broadcasting, especiallyon SW/MW/LW. • MikaPalo, for inviting me to jointheconference, although I amunable to attendtheevent.

  43. Thankyou for watching! Or as wesay in Portuguese, Obrigado pela atenção! • I hopethatthispresentationgaveyou a global viewof radio broadcasting in Portugal. Shouldyouhavequestionsorcomments, do nothesitate to contact me (e-mail: mundodaradio@gmail.com). Please note thatmostpicturesused in thisdocument (speciallytransmitterphotos) does notbelong to me. Shouldyoubeinterested in contacttheauthor(s) to askpermition to use them , pleasesend me an e-mail. • Pleasefeel free to distributethispresentation to theconferenceparticipantsandotherpeopleinterested in radio broadcasting, for strictlynon-commercialpurposes, provideditisunmodified. 73s & good DX! Luís Carvalho

More Related