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ECE 4991 Electrical and Electronic Circuits Chapter 8

ECE 4991 Electrical and Electronic Circuits Chapter 8. Where are we?. Chapter 2 - The basic concepts and practice at analyzing simple electric circuits with sources and resistors Chapter 3 – More harder networks to analyze and the notion of equivalent circuits

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ECE 4991 Electrical and Electronic Circuits Chapter 8

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  1. ECE 4991 Electrical and Electronic CircuitsChapter 8

  2. Where are we? • Chapter 2 - The basic concepts and practice at analyzing simple electric circuits with sources and resistors • Chapter 3 – More harder networks to analyze and the notion of equivalent circuits • Chapter 4 – Capacitors and inductors added to the mix • Chapter 5 – Analyzing transient situations in complex passive networks • Chapter 8 – New subject – the wonders of operational amplifiers as system elements • Chapter 9 – Introduction to semiconductors – the basics and diodes – more network analysis • Chapter 10 – Bipolar junction transistors and how they work – now you can build your own op amp

  3. What’s Important in Chapter 8 • Definitions • Op Amp Basics • Inverting Amplifiers • Summing Amplifiers • Non-inverting Amplifiers • Voltage Followers • Diff Amps • Integrators • Differentiators

  4. 1. Definitions • Operational Amplifier • Open-loop • Feedback • Inverting (input) • Non-inverting (input) • Open-loop voltage gain

  5. 2. Op Amp Basics • An operational amplifier is an IC “engine” that can support many applications • Defining characteristics • Amplifies difference between two input voltage • Extremely high gain • Extremely high input resistance • Extremely low output resistance

  6. _ + Diagramming an Op Amp + Pwr Inverting Input Output Non-inverting Input _ Pwr

  7. Design Assumptions Two main design assumptions for op amp applications using negative feedback • Zero input current • Input voltages forced to be equal

  8. _ + 3. Inverting Amplifier • + input grounded • Input signal to (–) input through RS • Output fed back to (–) input through RF • Gain = - RF/RS

  9. _ + Inverting Amplifier Practice • Design an inverting amplifier with a gain of - 250

  10. _ + Inverting Amplifier Practice • Given the following resistors to work with – 1KΩ, 1KΩ, 3KΩ, 20KΩ, 30KΩ – design an inverting amp with gain -40

  11. _ + 4. Summing Amplifier • + input grounded • Several input signals to (–) input through RS’s • Output fed back to (–) input through RF • Vout = -  (RF / RSi) vsi

  12. _ + Summing Amplifier Practice • Design an amplifier with Vout = - 50 (v1 + v2 + v3)

  13. _ + Summing Amplifier Practice • Design an amplifier with Vout = - (20v1 +30v2 + 40v3)

  14. _ + 5. Non-Inverting Amplifiers • Ground the (-) input through RS • Signal input to + input through any R • Output fed back to (-) input through RF • Gain is 1 + RF / RS

  15. _ + Non-Inverting Amplifier Practice • Design a non-inverting amp with gain = 10

  16. _ + Non-Inverting Amplifier Practice • Resistor collection is 20Ω, 50Ω, 100Ω, 100Ω, 300Ω, 300Ω, 500Ω • Design a non-inverting amplifier with a gain of 5

  17. _ + 6. Voltage Follower • Output fed back directly to (-) input • Signal input directly to + input • Vout = vS

  18. What’s a Voltage Follower For? • Op amp input impedance very high • Op amp output impedance very low • Voltage followers buffer sensitive circuits or circuit elements • Also used for driving speakers, long cables, etc

  19. _ + 7. Differential Amplifiers • V1 input fed to (-) input through R1 • V2 input fed to + input through a different R1 • Output tied back to (-) input through R2 • + input tied to ground through R2 • Vout = (R2/R1) (V2 – V1)

  20. _ + Differential Amplifier Practice • Design a diff amp with Vout = 50 (V2 – V1)

  21. _ + Differential Amplifier Practice • Design a diff amp with Vout = 200 sin t – 600 cos 3t

  22. _ + Differential Amplifier Practice • Design a diff amp with Vout = 40 sin t – 10 V1

  23. _ + 8. Integrating Amplifiers • Signal input fed to (-) input through RS • Output tied back to (-) input through CF • + input tied to ground • Vout = - (1/RSCF)  VS dt

  24. _ + Integrating Amplifier Practice • VS = 4 sin t, RS = 100 , CF = 50 F • Vout = ?

  25. _ + Integrating Amplifier Practice • Vout = - 200 t4 Volts • VS = ?, RS = 1K, CF = ?

  26. _ + 9. Differentiating Amplifiers • Signal input fed to (-) input through CS • Output tied back to (-) input through RF • + input tied to ground • Vout = - RFCS dVS/dt

  27. _ + Differentiating Amplifier Practice • Vout = - RFCS dVS/dt • Design a differentiating amplifier with Vout = 30 sin t

  28. _ + Differentiating Amplifier Practice • Vout = - RFCS dVS/dt • VS = 25 sin 2t, RF = 100, CS = 10 F • Vout = ?

  29. _ + Op Amp Practice

  30. _ + Op Amp Practice

  31. _ + Op Amp Practice

  32. _ + Op Amp Practice

  33. _ + Op Amp Practice

  34. _ + Op Amp Practice

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