RELIGION and REFORM 1812-1860 Chapter 8

1. RELIGION and REFORM1812-1860Chapter 8 “How did the Second Great Awakening lead to several reform efforts, and what effect did those reform efforts have on American society?”

2. A Religious AwakeningSection 1 How did the Second Great Awakening affect life in the United States? Vocabulary: Second Great Awakening Mormon revivalist Unitarian Charles Grandison Finney utopian community evangelical Transcendentalist Joseph Smith Ralph Waldo Emerson Henry David Thoreau

3. Middle Class Reform

4. Reading Skill:Identify Main Ideas NOTE TAKING Note Taking: Reading Skill: Identify Main Ideas

5. Growing Interest in Religion TRANSPARENCY Transparency: Growing Interest in Religion

6. Mormon Migrations, 1830-1848 MAP Map: Mormon Migrations 1830-1848

7. Religious Discrimination • Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints; Brigham Young leads the Mormans to Utah after Joseph Smith is killed • Catholics – some Americans questioned the loyalty of these immigrants; some Catholics worked for low wages, taking jobs from other workers • Jewish People faced discrimination, were barred from holding political office, and were ostracized.

8. Utopian Communities • Small societies dedicated to perfection in social and political conditions • New Harmony, Indiana – Robert Owen • Brook Farm near Boston • Fellvictim to laziness, selfishness, and quarreling • Shakers – no marriage or children

9. Communal Societies Before 1860 MAP Map: Communal Societies Before 1860

10. Transcendentalists • Believed that humans could transcend their senses to learn of the world • Believed that individuals should listen to nature to learn the truth about the universe • Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote Nature (1836); people could get closer to God through nature’ • Henry David Thoreau wrote Walden, describing his experiences living near Walden Pond for two years

11. A Reforming SocietySection 2 • What were the main features of the public school, penitentiary, and temperance reform movements? • Vocabulary: public school movement Horace Mann penitentiary movement Neal Dow Dorothea Dix temperance movement

12. Reading Skill: Understand Effects NOTE TAKING Note Taking: Reading Skill: Understand Effects

13. Horace Mann • School reformer from Massachusetts • State board of education • Proposed free public schools, required attendance, adequate school funding • Fought to end corporal punishment

14. Mentally Ill and Prisoners • Dorothea Dixvisited prisons, alms houses, and hospitals • Reforms in prisons • Helped to establish mental hospitals in 15 states and in Canada • Reforms for disabled people

15. Temperance Movement • Effort to end alcohol abuse • Many wanted prohibition • Neal Dowhelped pass the “Maine Law” • Restricting the sale of alcohol

16. Political Cartoons: The Temperance Movement TRANSPARENCY Political Cartoons: The Temperance Movement

17. The Antislavery MovementSection 3 • How did reformers try to help enslaved people? • Vocabulary: freedman William Lloyd Garrison Nat Turner Frederick Douglas abolition movement Gag Rule

18. Antislavery Movement • Abolitionist Movement • Movement to end slavery • The Roots • Christianity • Ending importation of slaves 1808 • Slave Revolts • Liberia • American Colonization Society • Radical Abolitionism • William Lloyd Garrison • The Liberator

19. Reading Skill: Summarize NOTE TAKING Note Taking: Reading Skill: Summarize

20. African Americans in the South TRANSPARENCY Transparency: African Americans in the South

21. Reading Skill: Contrast NOTE TAKING Note Taking: Reading Skill: Contrast

23. William Lloyd Garrison • Published a newspaper named The Liberator • Advocated emancipation of slaves • American Anti-Slavery Society had 150,000 members by 1840

24. Antislavery Movement • Frederick Douglass • North Star; Life and Times of Frederick Douglass • Divisions • Women participation • Grimké Sisters • Racial divisions • White people could not understand desperation • Underground RR • Harriet Tubman • Resistance to Abolitionism • Opposition in the North • Opposition in the South • Gag Rule

25. Free African Americans • By 1840 slavery had been outlawed in the North • American Colonization Society (ACS) • Formed to encourage free African Americans to move to Liberia, Africa • 1,100 people from the U.S. migrated there

26. The Women’s MovementSection 4 • What steps did American women take to advance their rights in the mid-1800s? • Vocabulary: matrilineal Seneca Falls Convention Sojourner Truth Amelia Bloomer women’s movement suffrage Lucretia Mott Elizabeth Cady Stanton Married Women’s Property Act

27. Reading Skill: Identify Causes and Effects NOTE TAKING Note Taking: Reading Skill: Identify Causes and Effects

28. Political and Economic Status of Women in the Early 1800s CHART Chart: Political and Economic Status of Women in the Early 1800s

29. Tensions Between North and South • Reform Movements produced Conflict between N and S – Why? • Churches divide (N and S) over Antislavery movement – Why? • Traditional roles for women and schools were revered in the South – Why? • Southerners were offended by the Northern perspective of an immoral culture – Why?