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2/13 Focus: During the High Middle Ages, many changes took place in Europe. The growth of trade brought about new business practices and bigger towns Do Now: What was Joan of Arcs contribution to the Hundred Years War? Add Parliament and guilds to the word bank. Middle Ages. Test Review.
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2/13 Focus: • During the High Middle Ages, many changes took place in Europe. The growth of trade brought about new business practices and bigger towns • Do Now: • What was Joan of Arcs contribution to the Hundred Years War? • Add Parliament and guilds to the word bank
Middle Ages Test Review
The Early Middle Ages • Trade declines • Lack of central government • People have to become self sufficient • Knowledge and learning decline • Development of feudalism and the manorial system
The Franks • During the Early Middle Ages, a tribe known as the Franks took over Gaul, today Gaul is modern day • Clovis I, King of the Franks, converted to _____________ and gained the support of the Church France Christianity
The Franks • Charles Martel stopped the spread of Islam into Western Europe when he defeated the Moors at the Battle of _________________ • ____________________ was crowned Holy Roman Empire by the pope and was able to establish an empire that stretched across modern day France, Germany, and part of Italy Tours Charlemagne
Feudalism • occurs when there is weak centralized government and the people need ______________ • King divides __________in exchange for military service and loyalty • __________ hold the real power protection land Nobles
Feudalism Power • _______________ based on the amount of land owned • Knights follow a code of conduct known as __________________ • ___________ are bound to the land Chivalry Serfs
Feudalism • Lords give knights land • Knights give • lords loyalty and protection • give serfs protection and allow to farm land • Serfs work the land
Manorial System Economic • ______________ system that developed along with Feudalism • Primary economic activity was __________________ • Manor was based on the concept of __________________ Agriculture Self- sufficiency
Role of the Church Unifying • served as a _________________ force in Western Europe after the fall of Rome • __________ in monasteries helped preserve Greek and Roman knowledge • Popes had spiritual influence over followers and over time developed ___________ power Monks secular
Role of the Church • Popes were able to influence political leaders by threatening to _________________ rulers who did not follow the Church • Popes and rulers often had conflicts over power in Europe • Pope Gregory tried to expand power of the church over rulers • Investiture Controversy developed over the right to appoint bishops excommunicate
Monarchs begin to Centralize Power • William of Normandy conquers England at the _______________________in 1066 • Gave lands to Norman supporters; determines who builds castles and where • Takes a census of called the _____________________in order to create an efficient tax system Battle of Hastings Domesday Book
Monarchs begin to Centralize Power • King John is forced to sign the ________________ • Limited the power of the ________________ • King must obey the law • Magna Carta leads to the formation of the ____________ Magna Carta King Parliament
Crusades • Effects: • Trade increased • Kings gain more power • Increased cultural diffusion with the Muslim world • Relations between Christian, Jews, and Muslims became strained
Improvements in Farming • Horse Collar • Iron Plow • Three Field System
Commercial Revolution Trade • __________________ increased as a result of contact with Asia during the Crusades • ______________ dominated trade in southern Europe; Flanders in the north • Examples: Genoa, Venice; Hanseatic League Italian city-states
Commercial Revolution • Formation of towns helped weaken ________________ • Demand increased for ____________ rather than barter feudalism currency
Commercial Revolution Banking • ___________ developed to protect and invest people’s money • Skilled workers and merchants formed _____________ to set prices and standards for quality guilds
Art/Architecture/Philosophy/Literature • Architecture reflected the _________________ and use of __________________ to construct much taller buildings and huge stained glass windows. Gothic style Flying buttress
Art/Architecture/Philosophy/Literature Song of Roland • ___________________and _______________ are examples of medieval literature • _________________ studied Greek philosophy; tried to use reason and logic to support Christian religious beliefs Canterbury Tales Thomas Aquinas
One Hundred Years War • War between England and France • Began over dispute over succession to the French throne • Joan of Arc helped turn the tide of the war for the French • War showed that Knights were no longer effective in war • Contributed to the end of the feudal system