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Strategic Mineral Supplementation

Strategic Mineral Supplementation. Dr. Jeff Lehmkuhler Extension Professor Beef Cattle Nutrition University of Kentucky October 2011 ANR Agent Updates. Is she copper deficient?. Good or Bad?. IRM Specs = Guidelines. Can be found at UK Regulatory Services

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Strategic Mineral Supplementation

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  1. Strategic Mineral Supplementation Dr. Jeff Lehmkuhler Extension Professor Beef Cattle Nutrition University of Kentucky October 2011 ANR Agent Updates

  2. Is she copper deficient?

  3. Good or Bad?

  4. IRM Specs = Guidelines • Can be found at UK Regulatory Services • Recommend these be used to identify quality mineral products • Updated as new info available = Check annually if you bid group mineral purchases

  5. Quick Comparison • Excel Spreadsheet • Compare 2 minerals side-by-side • Important to enter correct target intake • Compare these to the IRM spec sheet

  6. NRC Mineral Requirements-Diet

  7. Special Considerations when Feeding Coproducts • Identify class of animal • Found out what is being fed & how much • Ask about water source • Sulfur spring water? High Iron? • Consider what is needed to balance

  8. Couple Rules of Thumb • Ca:P ratio • 1:1 minimum but most nutritionist say 2:1 • Bone Ca:P matrix is 2:1 • Sulfur total diet + water 0.4% max. tolerable • Magnesium must be supplemented in spring • 10-15% Mg mineral w/ intake of 4 oz

  9. Coproducts & Mineral Levels Source: Dairy One Composition Library accessed 10/2/2011

  10. Feeding High Levels Coproducts • 1.5% of body weight on 600 lb calf (DM Basis) • 9 lbs DM ~ 10 lbs as-fed • 1% of diet will be fescue hay • What about pushing it higher? • 2% of body weight intakes

  11. Calf Fescue + Corn Gluten Feed • 7.5 lb Fescue + 10 lbs Corn Gluten Feed • Ca:P ratio = 0.34 • Diet Ca 0.23% & Phos 0.67% • Diet Ca increased to 1% requires 0.33 lb Calcium Carbonate or Feed Grade Limestone

  12. Gestating Cow • 0.75% of Body Weight Corn Gluten Feed + Tall Fescue Hay (10 lb CGF + 20 lbs Hay) • Ca 0.3% & P 0.52% • Ratio 0.57 • Again 0.33 lb Calcium Carbonate

  13. Enter the Coproduct Balancer Mineral • High calcium & No Phos • 22-25% Calcium • Mineral or a Supplement for mixing • Look for Thiamine • Aid in reducing PEM in some situations

  14. Coproduct Balancer Cattle Mineral (EXAMPLE PRODUCT TAG ONLY) MEDICATED For Weaned Calves For improved feed efficiency in cattle fed in confinement for slaughter ACTIVE DRUG INGREDIENTS Lasalocid……………………….…………………… 1200 g/ton Guaranteed Analysis: Calcium, minimum ……………………… 25.0% Calcium, maximum ……………………… 30.0 % Phosphorus, minimum……………………….. 1.0 % Salt, minimum ………………………. 18.0 % Salt, maximum ………………………. 21.0 % Magnesium, minimum……………………… 0.10 % Potassium, minimum…………………….. 0.05 % Cobalt, minimum ………………………………… 10 PPM Copper, minimum ………………………… 800 PPM Iodine, minimum ………………………………... 20 PPM Manganese, minimum ……………............ 1600 PPM Selenium, minimum ………………………… 12 PPM Zinc, minimum ………………………... 2400 PPM Thiamine, mg/lb ………………………………… 150 mg/lb Vitamin A, minimum…………………………….. 75,000 IU/LB Vitamin D, minimum…………………………….. 10,000 IU/LB Vitamin, E, minimum …………………………… 280 IU/LB Feeding rate: 0.17 - 0.60 lbs/d

  15. Sulfate Reduction in the Rumen H2S and S2- High Sulfur / Sulfate Intake (Feed + Water) Eructation H2S Inhalation Lung Tissue Damage Cell Damage S2- Absorption ? PEM Secondary Viral or Bacterial Infections Poor Animal Performance Adapted from Kung et al. 1998

  16. Prevention = Manage Risk • Provide a balanced ration – Threshold 0.40% S • Use of a coproduct specific mineral / supplement package • Thiamine may assist - Most coproduct supplements contain thiamine, may not work • Avoid use of high sulfate water – blend and/or restricted use of coproduct feeds

  17. Importance in Fertility • Multiple minerals known to be involved in reproduction / fertility • Deficiency& Excessive Intakes can be problematic • Argue that TRACE mineral more frequently deficient in Southeast (Cu, Se, Zn) • Focus in Human Infertility – ALWAYS THE MAN’S FAULT

  18. Selenium • Anti-oxidant • Super Oxide Dismutase • Cancer prevention • Gene control • Spermatogenesis – Selenoproteins (SEP) & PHGPx(Review Boitani & Puglisi, 2009)

  19. Selenium & Spermatogenesis SEPP1 ApoER2 SEPP1 + Se Boitani & Puglisi, 2009

  20. PhospholipidHydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase (PHGPx) Testosterone PHGPx Selenium PHGPx Reduce Oxidative Stress Structural Protein Sperm Midpiece Sperm chromatin condensation Boitani & Puglisi, 2009

  21. Copper & Spermatogenesis • Ctr family of copper importers • Drosophila (Fruit Fly) model • Provides support of Importance of Cu in Spermatogenesis Steiger et al, 2010

  22. Zinc & Human Infertility • Often comparison trials • Relationship b/w seminal [Zn] & Infertility in men • Oxidative stress? Colagar et al., 2009

  23. Zinc Deficiency = Abnormalities Male rats Black = Control Zn Adequate White = Marginal Zn Striped = Deficient Solid Gray = Pair fed Con to Def level Merrells et al., 2009

  24. Take Home Point: Mineral Balance Important for Optimizing Performance Thank You

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