Medical Vocabulary by Diana Curtis

1. Medical Vocabularyby Diana Curtis The Skeletal System

2. Achondroplasia • Main Entry: achon·dro·pla·sia • Pronunciation: \ā-kän-drə-plā-zh(ē-)ə\ • Definition: a genetic disorder disturbing normal growth of cartilage, resulting in a form of dwarfism characterized by a usually normal torso and shortened limbs • a- : without • chondr/o: cartilage • -plasia: formation

3. Acroarthritis • Main Entry: ac-ro-ar·thri·tis • Pronunciation: \ak-ro-är-thrīt-əs\ • Definition: inflammation of the joints of the hands or feet due to infectious, metabolic, or constitutional causes • acr/o: extremity • arthr: joint • -it is: inflammation

4. Acromion • Main Entry: acro·mi·on • Pronunciation: \ə-krō-mē-än, -ən\ • Definition: the outer end of the spine of the scapula that protects the glenoid cavity, forms the outer angle of the shoulder, and articulates with the clavicle • acr : extremity, point • -omion: shoulder

5. Ankylosis • Main Entry: an·ky·lo·sis • Variant(s): also an·chy·lo·sis • Pronunciation: \aŋ-ki-lō-səs\ • Plural: an·ky·lo·ses \-sēz\ • Definition: stiffness or fixation of a joint by disease or surgery • ankyl: stiffening, crooked • -osis: condition (usually abnormal)

6. Arthroplasty • Main Entry: ar·thro·plas·ty • Pronunciation: \är-thrə-plas-tē\ • Plural: ar·thro·plas·ties • Definition: plastic surgery of a joint (as the hip or knee); the operative formation or restoration of a joint • arthr/o: joint • -plasty: surgical repair

7. Calcaneal • Main Entry: cal·ca·ne·al • Pronunciation: \kal-kā-nē-əl\ • Definition: 1 : relating to the heel bone 2 : relating to the calcaneus • calcan/e: heel bone • -al: pertaining to

8. Coccygeal • Main Entry: coc·cy·geal • Pronunciation: \käk-sij-(ē-)əl\ • Definition: of, relating to, or affecting the coccyx (tailbone) • coccyg/e: coccyx, tailbone • -al: pertaining to To hear the sound for “coccygeal,” visit Merriam-Webster

9. Collagen • Main Entry: col·la·gen • Pronunciation: \käl-ə-jən\ • Definition: fibrous insoluble protein found in the connective tissue, skin, ligaments, and cartilage • coll/a: glue • -gen: formation, produce

10. Costal • Main Entry: cos·tal • Pronunciation: \käs-təl\ • Definition: of, relating to, involving, or situated near a rib <costal fractures caused by violent coughing> • cost: rib • -al: pertaining to

11. Craniectomy • Main Entry: cra·ni·ec·to·my • Pronunciation: \krā-nē-ek-tə-mē\ • Plural: cra·ni·ec·to·mies • Definition: the surgical removal of a portion of the skull • crani/(o): skull • -ectomy: surgical excision

12. Femoral • Main Entry: fem·o·ral • Pronunciation: \fem-(ə-)rəl\ • Definition: pertaining to the femur; the thigh bone, the longest bone in the body • femor: femur • -al: pertaining to

13. Fibular • Main Entry: fib·u·lar • Pronunciation: \fib-yə-lər\ • Plural: fib·u·lae \-lē also -lī\ or fib·u·las • Definition: pertaining to the fibula; the smaller of the two lower leg bones • fibul: fibula • -ar: pertaining to

14. Fixation • Main Entry: fix·a·tion • Pronunciation: \fik-sā-shən\ • Definition: process of holding or fastening in a fixed position; making rigid, immobilizing • fixat: fastened • -ion: process

15. Humeral • Main Entry: hu·mer·al • Pronunciation: \hyüm-(ə-)rəl\ • Definition: of, relating to, or situated in the region of the humerus (upper arm bone) • humer: humerus • -al: pertaining to

16. Ilium • Main Entry: il·i·um • Pronunciation: \il-ē-əm\ • Plural il·ia \-ē-ə\ • Definition: the dorsal, upper, and largest one of the three bones composing either lateral half of the pelvis that in humans is broad and expanded above and narrower below where it joins with the ischium and pubis to form part of the acetabulum • ili/0: ilium

17. Kyphosis • Main Entry: ky·pho·sis • Pronunciation: \kī-fō-səs\ • Plural: ky·pho·ses \-sēz\ • Definition: exaggerated outward curvature of the thoracic region of the spinal column resulting in a rounded upper back (humpback) • kyph: a hump • -osis: condition (usually abnormal)

18. Lordosis • Main entry: lor·do·sis • Pronunciation: \lȯr-dō-səs\ • Definition: exaggerated forward curvature of the lumbar and cervical regions of the spinal column (swayback) • lord: bending, curve, swayback • -osis: condition (usually abnormal)

19. Lumbar • Main Entry: lum·bar • Pronunciation: \ləm-bər, -bär\ • Definition: pertaining to the loins (lower back); lumbodynia – pain in the loins (lower back) • lumb: loin, lower back • -ar: pertaining to • lumb/o: loin, lower back • -dynia: pain

20. Mandibular • Main Entry: man·dib·u·lar • Pronunciation: \-yə-lər\ • Definition: of, relating to, or located near a mandible (lower jawbone) • mandibul: lower jawbone • -ar: pertaining to

21. Maxilla • Main Entry: max·il·la • Pronunciation: \mak-sil-ə\ • Plural: max·il·lae \-sil-ē, -ī\ or maxillas • Definition: pertaining to the upper jawbone • maxill: jawbone • -a: pertaining to

22. Myelitis • Main Entry: my·e·li·tis • Pronunciation: \mī-ə-līt-əs\ • Plural: my·e·lit·i·des \-lit-ə-dēz\ • Definition: inflammation of the spinal cord or of the bone marrow • myel: bone marrow • -it is: inflammation

23. Myeloma • Main Entry: my·e·lo·ma • Pronunciation: \mī-ə-lō-mə\ • Plural: my·e·lo·mas also my·e·lo·ma·ta \-mət-ə\ • Definition: tumor of the bone marrow • myel: bone marrow • -oma: tumor

24. Myelopoiesis • Main Entry: my·e·lo·poi·e·sis • Pronunciation: \mī-ə-lō-pȯi-ē-səs\ • Plural: my·e·lo·poi·e·ses \-ē-sēz\ • Definition: formation of bone marrow • myel/o: bone marrow • -poiesis: formation

25. Olecranal • Pronunciation: o-lek ran-al • Definition: pertaining to the elbow • olecran: elbow • -al: pertaining to

26. Osteocarcinoma • Main Entry: car·ci·no·ma • Pronunciation: \kärs-ən-ō-mə\ • Plural: car·ci·no·mas also car·ci·no·ma·ta \-mət-ə\ • Definition: cancerous tumor of a bone; new growth of epithelial tissue • oste/o: bone • carcin: cancer • -oma: tumor

27. Osteomalacia • Main Entry: os·teo·ma·la·cia • Pronunciation: \äs-tē-ō-mə-lā-sh(ē-)ə\ • Definition: a disease of adults that is characterized by softening of the bones and is analogous to rickets in the young • oste/o: bone • -malacia: softening

28. Osteopenia • Main Entry: os·teo·pe·nia • Pronunciation: \äs-tē-ō-pē-nē-ə\ • Definition: reduction in bone volume to below normal levels • oste/o: bone • -penia: deficiency

29. Osteoporosis • Main Entry: os·teo·po·ro·sis • Pronunciation: \äs-tē-ō-pə-rō-səs\ • Plural: os·teo·po·ro·ses \-sēz\ • Definition: a condition that affects especially older women and is characterized by decrease in bone mass with decreased density and enlargement of bone spaces, producing porosity and brittleness • oste/o: bone • por: a passage • -osis: condition (usually abnormal)

30. Progression of Osteoporosis

31. Patellar • Main Entry: pa·tel·la • Pronunciation: \pə-tel-ə\ • Plural: pa·tel·lae \-tel-ē, -ī\ or pa·tel·las • Definition: a thick, flat, triangular, movable bone that forms the anterior point of the knee and protects the front of the joint—called also kneecap, kneepan • patell: kneecap • -ar: pertaining to

32. Pedal • Main Entry: ped·al • Pronunciation: \ped-əl also pēd-\ • Definition: of or relating to the foot • ped: foot • -al: pertaining to

33. Phalangeal • Main Entry: pha·lan·ge·al • Pronunciation: \fā-lən-jē-əl, fal-ən-; fə-lan-jē-, fā-\ • Definition: of or relating to a phalanx or the phalanges; pertaining to the bones of the fingers and the toes • phalang/e: phalanges (finger/toe bones) • -al: pertaining to

34. Phosphorus (P) • Main Entry: phos·pho·rus • Pronunciation: \fäs-f(ə-)rəs\ • Definition: mineral that is essential in bone formation, muscle contraction, and many other functions—symbol P • phos: light • phor: carrying • -us: pertaining to

35. Radiograph • Main Entry: ra·dio·graph • Pronunciation: \-graf\ • Definition: an X-ray or gamma-ray photograph; film or record on which an x-ray image is produced; also called radiogram • radi/o: x-ray • -graph: record; instrument for recording

36. RheumatoidArthritis (RA) • Main Entry: rheumatoid arthritis • Definition: a usually chronic disease that is considered an autoimmune disease and is characterized especially by pain, stiffness, inflammation, swelling , and sometimes destruction of joints —abbreviation RA; results in crippling deformities; also called atrophic arthritis • rheumat: discharge • -oid: resemble • arthr: joint • -it is: inflammation

37. Scapular • Main Entry: scap·u·lar • Pronunciation: \skap-yə-lər\ • Definition: of, relating to, or affecting the shoulder or scapula • scapul: shoulder blade • -ar: pertaining to

38. Scoliosis • Main Entry: sco·li·o·sis • Pronunciation: \skō-lē-ō-səs\ • Plural: sco·li·o·ses \-sēz\ • Definition: a lateral curvature of the spine • scoli: curvature • -osis: • condition (usually abnormal)

39. Scoliosis

40. Spinal • Main Entry: 1spi·nal • Pronunciation: \spīn-əl\ • Definition: 1: of, relating to, or situated near the spinal column; 2 a: of, relating to, or affecting the spinal cord; b: having the spinal cord functionally isolated (as by surgical section) from the brain c: used for spinal anesthesia; 3: made for or fitted to the spinal column (a spinal brace) • spin: spine • -al: pertaining to

41. Spondylitis • Main Entry: spon·dy·li·tis • Pronunciation: \spän-də-līt-əs\ • Definition: inflammation of one or more vertebrae • spondyl: vertebra • -it is: inflammation

42. Sternal • Main Entry: ster·nal • Pronunciation: \stərn-əl\ • Definition: of or relating to the sternum (breastbone) • stern: sternum, • breastbone • -al: • pertaining to

43. Sternotomy • Main Entry: ster·not·o·my • Pronunciation: \stər-nät-ə-mē\ • Plural: ster·not·o·mies • Definition: surgical incision through the sternum (breastbone) • stern/0: sternum, • breastbone • -tomy: incision

44. Tibial • Main Entry: tib·i·al • Pronunciation: \tib-ē-əl\ • Definition: of, relating to, or located near a tibia; the shin bone; larger of the two bones of the lower leg • tibi: tibia • -al: pertaining to

45. Ulno-carpal • Main Entry: ul·na • Pronunciation: \əl-nə\ • Plural: ul·nae \-nē\ or ul·nas • Definition: the bone on the little-finger side of the human forearm that forms with the humerus, the elbow joint, and serves as a pivot in rotation of the hand; pertaining to the ulna side of the wrist • uln/o: ulna, elbow • carp: wrist • -al: pertaining to

46. Vertebro-sternal • Main Entry: ver·te·bro·ster·nal rib • Pronunciation: \vər-tə-brō-stər-nəl-\ • Definition: pertaining to a vertebra and the sternum • vertebr/o: vertebra • stern: sternum • -al: pertaining to