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Animal Behavior

Animal Behavior. Chapter 39. Behavior (Ethology). Action carried out by muscles or glands under control of the nervous system in response to a stimulus Helps to acquire nutrients for digestion and find a partner for sexual reproduction

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Animal Behavior

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  1. Animal Behavior Chapter 39

  2. Behavior (Ethology) • Action carried out by muscles or glands under control of the nervous system in response to a stimulus • Helps to acquire nutrients for digestion and find a partner for sexual reproduction • Contributes to homeostasis (ex bees huddling to provide warmth) • Behaviorphysiologybehavior • Subject to natural selection

  3. Ethology • Scientific study of animal behavior • Niko Tinbergen-4 questions • What stimulus elicits behavior and what physiology forms response? • How does experience affect it? • How does it aid in survival and rep? • What is its evolutionary history?

  4. Proximate/Ultimate causation • What is the mechanism? • Why is it good for species? • Ex. Bluegill • Ex. Red crowned cranes

  5. Fixed Action Pattern • Type of behavior directly linked to simple stimulus-trigger called sign stimulus

  6. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vUNZv-ByPkU

  7. Oriented Movement • Kinesis-change in activity or turning rate • Taxis-movement toward or away from a stimulus

  8. Migration-regular, long distance change in location Heads have bits of magnetite –so Earth’s magnetic field pulls on them Photoreceptors are affected by magnetic field

  9. Behavioral Rhythms • Circadian Clock-24 hour cycle • Circannual rhythms-yearly cycle • Usually controlled by periods of daylight and dark • But some-lunar cycle

  10. Signals and communication • Visual • Chemical • Tactile • Auditory • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zXXqQ2zJVMA

  11. Bee DanceRound and Waggle • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vaszh2bY3mc

  12. Pheromones • Chemicals • Short distance • Queen Bee • Warning

  13. Innate Behavior • Developmentally fixed

  14. Learned behavior • Habituation-loss of responsiveness to stimuli that carries little new info

  15. Imprinting • Long lasting response to individual or object-occurs during sensitive period

  16. Konrad Lorenz

  17. Spatial Learning • Memory that reflects environment-Tinbergen • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EXLigFEri98

  18. Cognitive Maps • Representation in nervous system of the spatial relationships in surroundings • Ex. Nutcracker • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HIJVYWvMBis

  19. Associative learning • Associate one feature with another • Ex. Mouse bites distasteful caterpillar-won’t attack those of similar color

  20. Classical Conditioning • Arbitrary stimulus becomes associated with a particular outcome • Pavlov’s dogs • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CpoLxEN54ho

  21. Operant conditioning-Trial and Error

  22. Cognition and Problem Solving • Devise a method to go from one state to another and deal with obstacles • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EZSk7oCNaHg

  23. Learned behaviors • Singing in birds-may have to hear songs during sensitive period • Humpback whales • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bAqZpAf0-lc

  24. Nature or Nurture?

  25. Foraging Behavior • Optimal foraging behavior

  26. Mating behavior • Promiscuous • Monogamous • Polygamous • Polyandry • Polygyny

  27. Agonistic interaction

  28. Sexual Dimorphism

  29. Inclusive Fitness • Altruism

  30. YOUR TOPIC GOES HERE • Your Subtopics Go Here

  31. Backdrops: - These are full sized backdrops, just scale them up! - Can be Copy-Pasted out of Templates for use anywhere! www.animationfactory.com

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