October 9, 2013 Lesson on : Urban G rowth ( causes, effects & management ) Key questions :

1. October 9, 2013 Lesson on: Urban Growth (causes, effects & management) Key questions: • What are the economic, environmental, social, cultural causes-effects of urban growth? • How do councils manage urban growth? Dwight Sutherland 2012

2. Some effects of urban changesTASK: Categorise these effects as ‘effects of urban growth’ or ‘effects of urban decline’. • Air Pollution increasing. Increased carbon emissions from Increase energy needs in cities. • Air pollution from industries has been reduced in MEDCs as a result of the global shift of manufacturing, clean air legislation (law). • Sanitation and waste management concerns (getting rid of wastes in cities) • Expansion of local and international transport network • Construction and housing development boom • Water resources needed is increasing. Water is needed for domestic, industrial, thermoelectric, sewage treatment and waste disposal. • Water is being polluted/contaminated by urban sewage and industrial waste into rivers. • Creating employment • Dealing with derelict (brownfield sites) land and buildings. Caused by the ageing of decaying of buildings. Also caused by the movement of urban activities away from the core, changes in the urban economy. • Road safety and congestion problems. Congestion caused by outdated and inadequate road systems. Also caused by a rise in private motor car ownership . Also more people are commuting from suburbs to the urban core/centre. • Congestion cause air, and noise pollution. • Absent of green spaces in cities. • Inadequate management of solid and hazardous waste • The incidence of accidents - traffic, industrial and environmental • Deprivation increasing • Crime and other social problems becoming worse. Dwight Sutherland 2012

3. Summary TASK: Write your own definition of urban growth. Use the ideas you have on the previous slide. • Remember urban growth (and decline) has social, economic, environmental and demographic component. • Urban growth is the expansion or build up of a city which creates new business opportunities and attract more people to the area. (Source: 12c/g1) • Urban growth is the increase in population, buildings and industries in a city. (Source: Owen, Charlotte 2013) Dwight Sutherland 2012

4. GROUP TASK: In groups discuss then explain how urban growth causes some of these effects. Include examples in your answer. Dwight Sutherland 2012

5. What to do about urban growth? (Managing the problems of urban growth) Problem solving TASK: Use one of the solutions below to tackle some of the problems of urban grow (problem-solve). • Regulation (Laws) e.g. creating greenbelts (land set aside around a city as green spaces) around cities, introducing emission controls which means that some vehicles cannot enter the city if they release large amount of emissions, implementing vehicle inspection and maintenance • Urban planning and design, e.g. designing integrated transport planning which means that bus stations, train stations and airports are built close to each other (eg Kings Cross St. Pancreas in London), using traffic calming or sleeping police (Southend High Street), designing and building houses with solar panels or energy light bulbs, invest in more public transport and communication infrastructure like the High Speed 2 Train service (links London to Northern Cities) • Economic instruments, e.g. congestion pricing (eg Central London), landfill taxing, tax credits for clearing contaminated lands • Technological innovations, e.g. promoting cleaner fuels in cars eg biofuels, building more solar panels, putting catalytic converters onto cars, using more electric cars etc. Dwight Sutherland 2012

6. Problem solving TASK: Use one of the solutions below to tackle some of the problems of urban grow (problem-solve). Dwight Sutherland 2012

7. Group discussion TASK: Share your analysis with the rest of the class then rank the likely effectiveness of each solution you have used. Use a scale of 1-10; 1 being the lowest and 10 being the highest. Use the criteria below. Criteria • The solution/strategy is best for the environment. • The solution/strategy is best for the economy. • The solution/strategy is best for lifestyle of residents of the urban area. Dwight Sutherland 2012