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As you get seated…

This activity explores the motivating factors that drove explorers and colonists to come to America, including push and pull factors, cultural, economic, and environmental factors, as well as the causes of European exploration. It also discusses the goals and voyages of Portuguese, Spanish, English, and French explorers, focusing on Christopher Columbus and his discoveries.

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As you get seated…

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  1. As you get seated… • Go ahead and start working on the Columbus Journal Activity. You’ll have 12 minutes to complete the assignment.

  2. Unit 1:Exploration and Colonization

  3. Today’s essential question What were the motivating factors that caused explorers and colonists to come to America?

  4. Think about it… • Why leave what you know? • What could push or pull you to leave Winston-Salem? NC? The US?

  5. Exploration review/introduction • Why explore? • Push Factors & Pull Factors • Push Factors – Examples? • Persecution • Discrimination • War • Etc.! • Pull Factors – Examples? • Economic opportunity • Religious freedom • Etc.!

  6. Push-Pull Factors • Push factors PUSH people out of an area and into another. • EX: 30,000 Honduran and Guatemalan kids at US border leaving murder-high/poor countries • Pull factors PULL people towards an area out of another. • EX: Good jobs, better climate, religious tolerance, etc.

  7. What Cultural Factors could Push or Pull people? • Forced Migration vs. Voluntary Migration • Examples?

  8. Economic Factors that could Push or Pull people? • Examples?

  9. Environmental Factors that could Push or Pull people? • Examples?

  10. Causes of European Exploration • Push Factors • Crusades • Holy wars fought between Christians and Muslims for Jerusalem • Results? • Renaissance • Rebirth of knowledge after Middle Ages • Causes? Results?

  11. Push-Pull Factors • Why Explore? • Knowledge • Gold • God • Glory (the 3 Gs) • Technology • Trade (Marco Polo & the quest for Asian goods) • Competition between rival countries (France, England, Spain, Portugal, Netherlands, etc.)

  12. The Caravel

  13. Marco Polo

  14. Humanism • Greek belief in the perfection of humanity • Major change from the thinking of the Middle Ages

  15. The Dome of Florence (Brunelleschi) 1420

  16. Leonardo, the Artist:From hisNotebooks of over 5000 pages (1508-1519)

  17. Portugal takes the lead! Prince Henry “the Navigator” Opened the first school of navigation Never actually navigated anything Sought a faster route to the Portugal’s Asian Possessions (Spice Islands) GOAL: PORTUGUESE EMPIRE, SPREAD CATHOLICISM, TRADE

  18. Voyages to Africa • 1400s – Portuguese explorers searched Africa’s western coast for gold and spices • Pope Nicholas V – granted rights to all lands claimed in return for converting inhabitants • Kill all who resist

  19. Vasco da Gama • Portuguese explorer • Discovered an all-water route from Europe to India • Brought spices back to Portugal and made huge profits—leading others to make similar trips

  20. African Resistance • War and disease temporarily stop Portugal, but eventually Africa will be won through trade • Portuguese Trade – pepper, gold, cloth and ivory in exchange for guns, gunpowder, and later rum

  21. The Spanish Monarchy – King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella

  22. Spanish Goals for the Exploration • Expand Spanish Empire • Overtake Portuguese • Spread Catholicism

  23. Why Asia? • First of all, where is Asia? • Why would people in Europe want to have a direct route there (to the East)

  24. CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS • What do you already know about him? • In 1492, Columbus sailed the ocean blue. • In 1493, he returned to make slaves of all he’d see. • “One of the greatest mariners in history, a visionary genius, a mystic, a national hero, a failed administrator, a naïve entrepreneur, and a ruthless and greedy imperialist.” • From The Library of Congress’ 1429: AN ONGOING VOYAGE

  25. Christopher Columbus Columbus, an Italian, met Ferdy and Izzy’s goals. Columbus was to find a direct route to ASIA by TRAVELING WEST from SPAIN! He ran into something else.

  26. Columbus’ voyage • Columbus’ voyage • John Green Crash Course Clip (4:20) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NjEGncridoQ&list=UUX6b17PVsYBQ0ip5gyeme-Q&index=22&feature=plcp • Traveling for Spain (King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella) • Where did he think he landed? • The East Indies • Where did he land? • Landed in San Salvador

  27. CENTRAL AMERICA He called the Natives “Indians” because he thought he had arrived in India. Tales of his journeys lead to a new demand among Europeans to colonize the “New World” The Age of Conquest had begun!

  28. Columbus’ Discoveries and Claims • 1492 – Columbus leaves Spain on three ships (Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria) with 90 men • Land sighted six weeks later (the Bahamas), colonized natives • Returned later and enslaved natives in a quest for gold • Eventually thousands die to the Spanish conquistadores

  29. English Explorers • John Cabot (Italian hired by Henry VII)– 1497 – believed Columbus discovered Asia • Landed in Canada • 2nd Voyage sailed as far south as Maryland • Claimed all land for England (“New England”)

  30. French Explorers • Focused on Northern areas • Claimed Canada for fishing and fur trade • Jacques Cartier – 1534 – followed St. Lawrence River inland, claiming all lands for France

  31. Other Spaniards • 1539 – Hernando de Soto – lands in Florida, claims all lands north to Arkansas • Plundered native villages for gold, died during war along the Mississippi • 1566 – Juan Pardo established St. Augustine, FL – oldest colony in “New World”

  32. Essential Question PT. 2 How did the interactions between Europeans and Native Americans impact each group?

  33. What came to be called “America” • By 1492, people had lived in the Western Hemisphere for tens of thousands of years without sustained contact with other parts of the world (Europe, Africa, Asia) • Where is the Western Hemisphere? (someone show us on the map in the classroom)

  34. AMERIGO VESPUCCI • In 1510, reached the coast of what is now South America • Proved Columbus wrong • What about Columbus’ ideas were incorrect? • Where did Columbus think that he originally landed? • The East Indies (What today is Indonesia) • Letters about the New World inspired mapmakers to coin the new land as “America”

  35. trade • What is trade? • Why do people trade? • Now… look at the tag of your shirt, or find something that says where it’s made. • Where are your items made?

  36. Introduction to the Columbian exchange • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HQPA5oNpfM4&feature=BFa&list=UUX6b17PVsYBQ0ip5gyeme-Q

  37. Contact with Europeans • Contact brought to the Native Americans new food products and tools • Also brought new diseases • Over half of the Native American population would die within a century

  38. The Rise of Sugar Plantations • Cash Crops of the New World – Sugar cane, Indigo, Tobacco, Cotton • Plantations – large farms designed for one crop • Brazil, Jamaica, Barbados and Cuba – major plantation sites • Natives were first enslaved, followed by Africans • Thousands died

  39. Columbian exchange

  40. Columbian Exchange

  41. PLEASE…. DO NOT CONFUSE COLUMBIAN AND TRIANGLE TRADE!

  42. Triangular Trade

  43. *Clarification: Differences between Columbian exchange and Triangle Trade* The Columbian Exchange was exchange of native plants, animals, disease, and eventually language and culture… LARGELY UNINTENTIONAL (Created by a clash of multiple foreign groups now interacting!) The Triangle Trade was a more intended consequence of trading goods between the big 3 trade routes on the Atlantic Ocean

  44. Ticket out the door • Answer EQ on scratch paper in 3-5 sentences. • DATE IT AND PUT A HEADING! How did the interactions between Europeans and Native Americans impact each group?

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