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Age of Andrew Jackson. Steps leading to Jacksonian Democracy Previous President James Monroe Adams- Onis Treaty Missouri Compromise Monroe Doctrine Regional Differences American System Supreme Court Decisions. James Monroe. Elected 5 th President in 1816. “Era of Good Feeling”
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Age of Andrew Jackson • Steps leading to Jacksonian Democracy • Previous President James Monroe • Adams-Onis Treaty • Missouri Compromise • Monroe Doctrine • Regional Differences • American System • Supreme Court Decisions
James Monroe Elected 5th President in 1816 “Era of Good Feeling” Last of the founding Fathers New Land Claims Oregon Territory Acquires Florida from Spain
Adams-Onis Treaty • Established a clear broader with Spain • Florida became put of the United States
James Monroe Missouri Compromise of 1820 • Senate in 1820 – 22 North • 22 South • New State: Missouri • Slave or Free? • COMPROMISE • Missouri a slave state • Maine a free state • 36 30’ line Free Slave
Missouri Compromise • Maine admitted as a free state • Missouri admitted as a slave state • 1:1 ratio from now on or UNTIL CIVIL WAR
James Monroe Monroe Doctrine The Americas are no longer available for colonization by any European power. The political system of the Americas is different from Europe. Republics rather than Monarchies The USA would regard as a threat to its peace and safety any attempt by European powers to impose their system on any independent state in the Western Hemisphere. The United States will not interfere in European affairs.
Regional Economies Create Difference Northern States Small Farmers Factories - Fast flowing rivers - interchangeable parts Local Workers / Merchants Federalists Western States Southern States Large Farmer/ Plantations -Slavery Doubled because of the Cotton Gin Anti-Federalists or Democratic-Republicans Aristocracy Followed the South Farming Democratic-Republicans
American System by Henry Clay • Establishing a protective tariff • Strengthening the National Bank • National Transportation System
Strengthening the Federal Government • McCulloch v. Maryland • states can’t pass laws the overturn a law passed by congress. • Gibbons v. Ogden • Congress and not the states had the power to regulate interstate trade.
The Age of Jackson; Extender of democracy, or a tyrannical despot?
Election of 1824: The corrupt bargain • Jackson won the popular vote • There was no winner of majority of electoral college • Clay withdrew allowing J.Q. Adams to be chosen • Clay became Sec. Of State! John Quincy Adams
Election of 1824 John Quincy Adams Jackson wins popular vote and electoral vote No majority winner House of Representatives decides The “Corrupt Bargain” Speaker of House Henry Clay sways vote to Adams Andrew Jackson John Quincy Adams 6th President of USA
The Age of Jackson Political Parties Jacksonian Democratics National Republicans (Whigs)
Andrew Jackson President of the “common man” States lessen voting restrictions – more common men vote. Not a part of the VA / New England “Aristocracy” Spoils System – placed his friends and supporters in key government positions “To the victor goes the spoils”
Formation of the Democratic Party • Extending political powers (suffrage) • Undecided on the issue of tariffs • Opposition to the National Bank • Opposition to the American System (Henry Clay) • Support Indian Removal and expansion
Key Terms to Know: • Aristocracy: government in which power is given to the elite of society • “Spoils System”: practice of giving public office (jobs) to political supporters • Presidential Veto: power of President to prevent passage of a law • Suffrage: the right to vote
Election of 1828; • Proved greater suffrage and political activism • Delegates worked through nominating conventions • Americans were equal at the ballot box • Jackson won! Jackson’s inauguration!
Election of Andrew Jackson came at a time when the mass of American people participated in the electoral process. Suffrage was being extended which replaced the previous aristocratic government of the United States, as the distinction between aristocrats and the common man were disappearing. A New Democratic Spirit;
Jackson’s Spoils System: • Jackson hired political supporters to fill government jobs. • “to the victor goes the spoils” • Increased involvement in government by ordinary people • Some good and some bad points... This depiction shows how Jackson opened the White House to the public as took office.
Indian Removal: • To force Indians to reservations FURTHER west across Mississippi • A Georgia Law was overturned by the Marshall Court- Jackson refused to enforce the decision • Led to “Trail of Tears” which forced tribes (Cherokee) out of Georgia, many died!
Opposed the “Tariff of Abominations” Reduced cotton exports to England Calhoun devised nullification theory, based on VA and KY Resolutions Right of states to nullify national laws Nullification Crisis: J. Calhoun
Jackson viewed the bank as corrupt in favor of special interests He vetoed the bill for the Second Bank of the United States Jackson put U.S. money into “pet banks” in states This becomes the central issue in the election of 1832 (against Clay) Jackson’s re-election kills the bank His actions caused an economic depression resulting in the Panic of 1837 Jackson Veto’s the “B.U.S.”
Andrew Jackson Jackson vs The Bank Jackson thought the US Bank was run by the elite. He vetoes the Bank’s re-charter. Then takes out all the money and places it in state banks. The US Bank collapses Leads to an economic depression called The Panic of 1837
What was the result of Jackson’s veto of the Bank of the United States? • The country became better off • He lost the next election • The nation had an economic collapse
Legacy of Jackson: • Extension of democratic participation... • Strengthen of presidential power... • Veto forces Congress to consider President... • Removal of Indians... • Economic crisis... Henry Clay boasted he would sew Jackson’s mouth shut- the two men opposed each other on the issue of the bank. Clay lost!
1.What was the “Corrupt Bargain”? • Jackson became President • Adams became President and Clay became the Secretary of State • Adams cheated and miscounted the votes
2. Greater government involvement by the common man was part of the: • War on the Bank • Spoils System • Indian Removal • American System
3. Which of these was NOT a belief of the new Democratic Party? • Support of the National Bank • Support Indian Removal • Oppose the “American System” • Extending suffrage
4. The result of Jackson’s Indian Removal Policy was: • The Trail of Tears • The unconstitutional ruling of reservations by the courts • The creation of reservations in Indiana
