Grade 7 Science

1. Melanie Giambattitsa Grade 7 Science Earth and Space Science: Earth’s Crust and resources (EC)

2. Lesson 2a

3. Table of Contents 4. Questions to Consider 5. Three Main Types of Rocks 6. Creating Sedimentary Rock 7. Sedimentary Rock 8. Sedimentary Rock 9. Limestone and Sandstone

4. Questions to consider: • Why are there three types of rocks and what are they? • How are these different types of rocks formed? • Can I find them in Saskatchewan? Table of Contents

5. Three Main Types of Rocks • Sedimentary • Igneous • Metamorphic Table of Contents

6. Creating Sedimentary Rock • What is a sediment? • Loose material such as bits of rock, minerals, and plant and animal remains Table of Contents

7. Sedimentary Rock • Sedimentary rocks are just compressed mineral deposits. These rocks cover 75 percent of Earth’s surface, but they only make up 5 percent of the total rocks on Earth. The six main types of sedimentary rocks are conglomerate, sandstone, shale, limestone, gypsum, and breccia. Table of Contents

8. Sedimentary Rock • Sedimentary rock is made from sediment – loose material, such as bits of rock, minerals, and plant and animal remains. • These sediments become closely pack in layers and cemented together • Stratification – the arrangement of sedimentary rock in visible layers • The larger, heavier fragments settle first and end up near the bottom • Wind, ice, or gravity moves sediment to a place where it settles • Sediment slowly settles on top of other sediment, forming layers • How does settled sediment become rock? • Each layer of sediment is squeezed together (compaction) -Think of each layer as a page in a book. One piece of paper is not heavy, but a stack of telephone books is very heavy • These layers eventually turn to rock • Cementation – in some rocks, minerals dissolve as the water soaks into the rock, forming a natural cement that sticks the larger pieces of sediment together Table of Contents

9. Limestone and Sandstone • Limestone: • one of the most common and useful sedimentary rocks • unique because it can include fossils (the remains of pants and animals) • easy to cut and shape • useful for constructing and decorating buildings • used in road construction • used in the pulp and paper industry • Sandstone: • easily mined • useful for constructing and decorating buildings • some schools are made from sandstone • Both Limestone and Sandstone are quarried and sold within Canada Table of Contents