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IDM08, Stockholm, 2 August 2008

KM3NeT Neutrino Telescope-Prospects for Dark Matter Detection Paschal Coyle, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille. IDM08, Stockholm, 2 August 2008. What is KM3NeT ?. An acronym for KM3 Ne utrino T elescope

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IDM08, Stockholm, 2 August 2008

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  1. KM3NeT Neutrino Telescope-Prospects for Dark Matter DetectionPaschal Coyle, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille IDM08, Stockholm, 2 August 2008

  2. What is KM3NeT ? • An acronym for KM3Neutrino Telescope • A future deep-sea Research Infrastructure hosting a km3 scale neutrino telescope and facilities for associated marine and earth sciences • A consortium between the groups/institutions that have developed the pilot neutrino telescope projects in the Mediterranean Sea (Antares, Nemo, Nestor) Two projects funded by the EU (FP6 & FP7): • Design Study (2006-2009): aims at developing a cost-effective design for the construction of a km3 scale neutrino telescope • Preparatory Phase (2008-2010): preparing for the construction by defining the legal, financial and governance issues as well as the pre-production of the telescope components

  3. Science with High-Energy Neutrinos p γ n ν • Astroparticle physics • Point sources of high-energy neutrinos • galactic (quasars, SNR, PWN, SN….) • extragalactic (AGN, GRBs….) • The diffuse neutrino flux • Neutrinos from Dark Matter annihilation • ParticlePhysics • Cross sections at UHE • Neutrino oscillations • Tests of Lorentz invariance • Search for exotics • Magnetic monopoles • Nuclearites, strangelets, … • Earth and marine sciences • long-term, continuous measurements • in the deep-sea • marine biology, oceanography, • geology/geophysics, … • - neutrino tomography of earth

  4. KM3NeT Partners ANTARES+NEMO+NESTOR+OTHERS France: CEA/Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3 (CPP Marseille, IreS Strasbourg, APC Paris-7), Univ. Mulhouse/GRPHE, IFREMER Italy: CNR/ISMAR, INFN (Univs. Bari, Bologna, Catania, Genova, Napoli, Pisa, Roma-1, LNS Catania, LNF Frascati), INGV, Tecnomare SpA Greece: HCMR, Hellenic Open Univ., NCSR Demokritos, NOA/Nestor, Univ. Athens Germany: Univ. Erlangen, Univ. Kiel Netherlands: NIKHEF/FOM (incl. Univ. Amsterdam, Univ. Utrecht, KVI Groningen), NIOS Spain: IFIC/CSIC Valencia, Univ. Valencia, UP Valencia UK: Univ. Aberdeen, Univ. Leeds, Univ. Liverpool, Univ. Sheffield Ireland: Dublin Institute for advanced studies Cyprus: Univ. Cyprus Particle/Astroparticle institutes (30) –Sea science/technology institutes (7) –Coordinators

  5. Three Pilot Projects 2500m 4500m 3500m

  6. Complementarity with ICECUBE 3C 279 Mkn 421 Mkn 501 Mkn 501 not observed CRAB CRAB RX J1713.7-39 VELA GX339-4 not observed SS433 SS433 Centre galactique Instantaneous common view: 0.5 p sr Averaged common view : 1.5 p sr ICECUBE (south pole) KM3NET (43° north) Galactic centre: not seen Angular resolution E>10 TeV: ~0.7 degrees galactic centre: 2/3 of the time Angular resolution E>10 TeV: ~0.1 degrees

  7. Timeline Towards Construction

  8. KM3NeT Conceptual Design Report Describes the scientific objectives, and the concepts behind the design, construction and operation of the KM3NeT Research Infrastructure Downloadable from the KM3NeT web site: http://www.km3net.org/CDR/CDRKM3NeT.pdf

  9. Some Design Goals • Sensitivity to exceed IceCube by “substantial factor” • Core process: nm+N  m+X at neutrino energies beyond 100 GeV • Lifetime > 10 years without major maintenance, construction and deployment < 4 years • Cost reductions by more than factor 2 cf Antares • Angular resolution ~ 0.1 degrees (E>10 TeV) •  time resolution 2 ns •  position of OMs to better than 40 cm accuracy

  10. Configuration Studies • Various geometries and OM configurations have been studied • None is optimal for all energies and directions • Local coincidence requirement poses important constraints

  11. Reference Detector • Geometry: • Optimised for 1-100 TeV • 15 x 15 vertical detection units on rectangular grid,horizontal distances 95 m • each carries 37 OMs, vertical distances 15.5 m • each OM with21 * 3’’ PMTs effective area of reference detector NOT the final KM3NeT design!

  12. Indirect Detection from Sun Local density~0.3-0.5 GeV/cm3 Local velocity~220-300 km/s SUN Large mass, but further away spin-dependent+spin independent Annihilation in equilibrium Point source-cone angle~3 Visible ~50% of time EARTH Small mass, but close Only spin independent- resonant at 56 GeV Annihilation not in equilibrium Non-point like source: cone angle~40 Visible 100% of time

  13. MSugra Modelling Four free parameters + one sign parameter space at GUT scale Dark Matter relic density known from WMAP measurement (2б 0.094 < ΩCDMh2 < 0.129) Calculationsbased on DarkSUSY Neutrino oscillations in matter and vacuum included ISASUGRA RGEcodeused Top quark mass 172.5 GeV NFW halo model (0.3 GeV/cm³ at solar position) ScannedParameterSpace: 0 < m0 < 8000 GeV 0 < m½ < 2000 GeV sign (μ) = +1 -3m0 < A0 < 3m0 0 < tan () < 60

  14. MSugra: KM3NeT expected exclusion

  15. MSugra: KM3NeT Versus Direct Detection Blue: ANTARES Green: KM3NeT Red: Neither

  16. MSugra Parameter Space

  17. MSugra: KM3NeT versus CDMS

  18. MSugra: KM3NeT versus Edelweis II

  19. MSugra: KM3NeT versus SuperCDMS

  20. UED Modelling • Kaluza-Klein(KK) theory: Universal Extra-Dimensions(UED) • model - all SM fields propagate through the compactifiedspatial • δ extra-dimensions • If δ = 1 then 1/R ≧ 280 GeV(fromacceleratorconstraints) • • Lightest KK Particle (LKP), first excitation of the hypercharge • gauge boson B(1), is stable and is the DM candidate • • Coannihilation of LKP withnext to lightest KK particle (NLKP) • Δ ≡ (mNLKP-mLKP)/mNLKP, Small Δlargerrelicdensity • ΩCDMh2 = 0.11± 0.006 (WMAP, 3yrs)  400<mLKP<800 GeV

  21. UED Monte Carlo • Use “WIMPSIM” Monte Carlo (release 03/2008) • (Blennow, Edsjö, Ohlsson, arXiv: 0709 3898) • • Capture and annihilation rates in equilibrium in the Sun • • Annihilations in c,b and t quarks, τ lepton and • direct neutrino channels • • All known matter interactions taken into account with a • “Bahcall” Sun medium model • • 3-flavor oscillations, lepton τ regeneration through the Sun • medium • Vacuum oscillation betweensun and Earth

  22. UED: Neutrino rates at Earth Tau channel dominant

  23. UED: Neutrino rates at Earth Direct neutrino production significantathigh Z

  24. UED: KM3NeT expected exclusion KM3NeT

  25. Summary • The successful construction and operation of Antares • demonstrate the feasibility of km3-scale underwater high-energy • neutrino telescopy  new window on the non-thermal universe • The KM3NeT consortium is progressing towards the completion • of the Technical Design Report which will define the • technological solutions for the construction of a km3-scale • telescope in the Mediterranean Sea • Neutrino Telescopes provide unique signature for dark matter • annihilation-complementary to that from direct detection • MSugra: most of the focus point region can be excluded • UED: delta<0.1 can be completely excluded

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