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Nomenclature

Nomenclature. Scientific Naming System. What is the difference between an element and a compound?. Definitions. Elements cannot be broken down by physical or chemical changes. Compounds are composed of 2 or more elements that can be broken down by chemical change.

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Nomenclature

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  1. Nomenclature Scientific Naming System

  2. What is the difference between an element and a compound?

  3. Definitions • Elements cannot be broken down by physical or chemical changes. • Compounds are composed of 2 or more elements that can be broken down by chemical change. • What type of matter can be broken down by physical changes?

  4. Ions • Ionsare elements with a charge. The reference table lists these charges for each element. • If the element is positive, it is called a cation. • Cations are named the same as the element. (Example: Ca=Calcium atom / Ca+2=Calcium ion) • If the element in negative, it is called an anion. • Anions are named ending with “-ide” (Example: N=Nitrogen atom / N-3 = Nitride ion)

  5. You try: • Mg+2 • K+ • O-2 • F- • Li+ • I-

  6. Binary Compounds Binary Compounds consist of only two of elements. To name: write the complete name of the first element. The second element should then be named, ending in “-ide.” • NaCl sodium chloride • KI potassium iodide • MgCl2 • Ca3N2 magnesium chloride calcium nitride

  7. You try… • Li3P • Al2S3 • SrBr2 • Rb2O • BaSe • CsI

  8. Criss-cross Rule To write a formula, write the two ions separately showing their charges. Charges are on the periodic table. Then, swap the two numbers and drop the sign: Calcium nitride:Ca2+ N-3 Ca3N2 Lithium oxide: Li+ O-2 Li2O Notice, we don’t write ones!

  9. Problem: • FeCl2 and FeCl3 are different compounds but seem to have the same name. How can we name them different? • FeCl2 is iron (II) chloride FeCl3 is iron (III) chloride. • What do the roman numerals represent?

  10. Transition Metals and nonmetals • Transition Metals are in the middle group of the periodic table. • Nonmetals are on the right side of the staircase. • They have multiple charges or oxidation numbers and so you must show which charge you are using with roman numerals: I II III IV V VI VII

  11. Try these… FeCl2 CuF ZnO N2O3 SO4 PCl3 CH4

  12. Careful: This rule doesn’t ALWAYS work for cations. Find the anion’s charge and equalize that with the cation’s charge as a check.

  13. Try these… • Potassium iodide • Magnesium chloride • Aluminum sulfide • Hydrogen oxide • Barium selenide • Cesium phosphide • Strontium phosphide • Copper (II) flouride • Iron (III) telluride

  14. Tertiary Compounds • When compounds have more than 2 elements, it contains a polyatomic ion. • Polyatomic ion are a group of 2 or more atoms that are bonded very strongly and act as one ion. AgNO3 silver nitrate

  15. Polyatomic ions • You are given a list of polyatomic ions. Naming compounds with these ions are easy once you familiarize yourself with the list. • CaCO3 calcium carbonate • LiClO2 lithium chlorite • NaOH sodium hydroxide • (NH4)3PO4 ammonium phosphate

  16. You try… • K2SO4 • CsNO2 • Ba(SCN)2 • SrClO3 • Al(HCO3)3 • RbCN

  17. Try These… Name: Write the formula: Fe(SCN)2 Nickel (III) Nitride CoCl3 Manganese (II) sulfite NiBr2 Zinc sulfate CuO Titanium (II) carbonate MnI4 Gold (III) oxide Ag2S Iron (III) Chloride

  18. Game http://www.sciencegeek.net/APchemistry/APtaters/directory.shtml

  19. Covalent Compounds • In some cases, binary covalent compounds (compounds with nonmetals only) are named using prefixes and end in “-ide.” The prefixes used are listed below. 1 mono- 2 di- 3 tri- 4 tetra- 5 penta- 6 hexa- 7 hepta- 8 oct- 9 non-

  20. Name or write the formula: NO H2O PCl5 Cl2O7 Carbon tetrachloride Phosphorous tribromide Silicon dioxide

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