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Plant Systems

Plant Systems. Plants. Basis for ALL Agriculture Basis for ALL Life Provide Food for Humans All Grains, Fruits and Vegetables Come Directly From Plants Provide Food For Animals All Foods From Animal Origin Come From Animals That Have Been Fed Plants Meats, Milk, Cheese, ETC. Plants.

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Plant Systems

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  1. Plant Systems

  2. Plants • Basis for ALL Agriculture • Basis for ALL Life • Provide Food for Humans • All Grains, Fruits and Vegetables Come Directly From Plants • Provide Food For Animals • All Foods From Animal Origin Come From Animals That Have Been Fed Plants • Meats, Milk, Cheese, ETC..

  3. Plants • Manufacture and Store Food Nutrients for use by the Plant. • Use Chlorophyll, Light and Carbon Dioxide • Photosynthesis • 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + photons → C6H12O6 + 6 O2 • carbon dioxide + water + light energy → glucose + oxygen • Most Important Chemical Process in the World

  4. Photosynthesis Lab • Germinate 20-30 bean seed. • Let seed develop at least two true leaves. • Cover one half of the seed with newspaper or other darkening object. • Visually check the plants everyday for a week. • Compare differences • Color, growth rate, health, vigor, etc..

  5. Respiration • Occurs in All Living Cells • Aerobic (presence of O2) Respiration is the Opposite of Photosynthesis • Contrast • Photosynthesis • 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + photons → C6H12O6 + 6 O2 carbon dioxide + water + light energy → glucose + oxygen • Respiration • C6H12O6 + 6 H2O + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 12 H2O + energy glucose + water + oxygen carbon dioxide + water + energy

  6. Photosynthesis Occurs Only in Cells that Contain Chlorophyll and Only During Daylight Hours. • No Albino Plants • Respiration Occurs in All Living Plant Cells, Twenty-Four Hours per Day.

  7. Respiration • About 25% of Sugar Manufactured in Photosynthesis Process is used in Respiration. • Energy Released During the Respiration Process Breaks Down Fats, Proteins and Other Products for plant use. • Lab Sheet

  8. Transpiration • Release of Water Vapor from Living Plants • More Water is Needed for Transpiration than for any Other Process in the Plant. • Important To Remember This When Asexually Propagating Plants. • Humans Perspire --- Plants Transpire

  9. Vascular Bundles • Xylem • Tubes That Bring Water From the Roots to the Leaves of the Plants. • Phloem • Tubes That Carry the Products of Photosynthesis to The Other Parts of the Plant

  10. Xylem Lab • Materials Needed • 1 Stalk Fresh Celery • 1 Large Cup of Water • Red or Blue Food Coloring • Procedure • Fill cup ¾ full of Water. Add Desired Food Coloring • Cut Celery across the Grain and insert in Water. • Allow to sit for 1- 1½ hours. • Observe Celery

  11. Stomata • Small Openings, Generally on the Underside of the Leaf That Allow Air into the Leaf and Water Vapor and Oxygen to Move Out • Opening of the Stoma is Controlled by Guard Cells on Both Sides of the Stoma

  12. Leaves Basic Plant Parts • Roots • Stems

  13. Leaves • Point of most growth functions • Photosynthesis • Respiration • Transpiration

  14. Stems • Support • Transport • Store Food For Use by the Plant

  15. Types of Plant Stems • Herbaceous • Green and Relatively Soft • Woody • Composed of many Layers • Trees, Shrubs, Cotton, ETC..

  16. Stems • Monocots- • Plants with Seeds That Have Only One Cotyledon or Seed Half • Grass Plants Such as Corn, Wheat, Etc.. • Usually Has Fibrous Root System

  17. Stems • Dicots • Plants with Two Cotyledons or Seed Halves • Beans, Peas , Peanuts, Etc… • Usually Has Tap Root System

  18. Roots • As Much as Half the Weight of a Plant Might Be in the Root System. • A Plant Has as Much Underground Surface Area as it does Above Ground Surface Area. • Function • Absorption of Water and Nutrients • Anchorage

  19. Roots • Tap Root • Strong Central Root that Grows Downward into the Soil. • A Carrot is a Good Example of a Tap Root System. • Most Dicots have a Tap Root System

  20. Roots • Fibrous Roots • Have No Large Central Root but Many Branches of Fine Roots. • Corn is an example of a Plant with a Fibrous Root System • Monocots have Fibrous Root Systems

  21. Plant Reproduction • Sexual • Mating of the Male Gamete (Sperm) with the Female Gamete (Egg) • Seed • Asexual • Vegetative Reproduction • Plant Parts

  22. Sexual Reproduction • Rag Doll Lab • Count Out Five Seed • Fold Four Paper Towel Sheets Together and Moisten. • Be sure Towels are Wet Enough For Seed to Germinate, but Not so Wet that they will Rot. • Place the Seed in the Paper Towel, Fold the Towels Together • Wrap Towels In the Cling Wrap and Tie Up the Ends • Use Rubber Bans, Bread Ties to Seal Ends • Check Daily for Germination • Note some seed may not germinate

  23. Sexual Reproduction • Garden in A Glove • See Lab Handout • Germination lab • Count Out Ten Seed and Plant • “Rule of Thumb” • Plant Seed No Deeper than One and One Half the Diameter of the Seed • Plant Seed at Sufficient Distance Apart Where Germinated Seed Can Be Counted. • Allow Adequate Time for All Seed to Germinate • Usually All Will Germinate in a Week • Depending on Seed Type • Count Germinated Seed and Divide by Number Planted to determine Germination Percentage

  24. Asexual Reproduction • Vegetative Reproduction • Using Plant Parts • Separation • Plant Parts are Merely Pulled Apart • Garlic, Daffodils, Tulips, ETC… • Division • Growing a New Plant from Cut Plant Parts • Strawberry Plants • Bermuda Grass

  25. Asexual Reproduction • Cuttings • Propagation From Leaves, Roots, Stems or Bud Cuttings. • Must Keep Plant Moist Since The Plant Does Not have Adequate Vascular System. • Foliage Needs to be Kept to the Minimum but Still Adequate to Provide Photosynthesis

  26. Asexual Reproduction • Layering • Portion of Plant is Covered with Soil or Other Media and the Growth of Roots is Stimulated While Still Attached to the Stock plant. • Grape Vines • Air Layering • Injure Plant: Treat with Growth Hormone, Wrap in Moist Peat moss and Tie up with Cling Wrap

  27. Asexual Reproduction • Grafting • Material from Two or More Different plants are Joined Together to Form ONE Plant • Most Fruit and Nut Trees

  28. Asexual Reproduction • Tissue Culture • Used to Reproduce ‘High Value’ Plants • Uses Small Amount of Tissue From A Plant to Grow a New Plant. • Needs A Sterile Environment • Cloning

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