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Chapter 1, Section 1

Chapter 1, Section 1. The Earliest Americans. The First People In America The first Americans migrated to the Americas from Asia Scientists disagree about how and when migration occurred. Beringia land bridge Joined Asia and North America during the last Ice Age Drop in sea levels.

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Chapter 1, Section 1

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  1. Chapter 1, Section 1 The Earliest Americans

  2. The First People In America • The first Americans migrated to the Americas from Asia • Scientists disagree about how and when migration occurred. • Beringia land bridge • Joined Asia and North America during the last Ice Age • Drop in sea levels

  3. Beringia

  4. Beringia

  5. Humans arrived in the Americas much earlier • Artifacts found in South America have been found to be 30,000 years old • Many routes including boat

  6. The Emergence of Civilizations • The first Americans lived in hunting and gathering cultures • Development of agriculture • Plant and animal • People no longer needed to travel far distances for food, leading to the development of Civilizations

  7. Features of a Civilization • Cities that are centers of trade • Specialized jobs for different people • Organized forms of government and religion • System of record keeping • Advanced tools

  8. Olmec • 1200 BC • Mesoamerica • Built large cities • Known for the use of stone in architecture • Trade routes • Allowed Olmec culture to spread • Built pyramid-like mounds • Mysteriously disappeared 400BC

  9. Mesoamerica

  10. Maya • 250 A.D. • Southern Mexico and Guatemala • Built pyramid mounds • Also built large stone temples • By 900, civilization decline • Revolts • Disease • Crop Failure Mayan Temple at Tikal

  11. Peoples of Mexico • Aztec civilization • Irrigation system • Warlike people • Complex culture • Elaborate religious ceremonies • Sun, moon, stars

  12. Aztec Temple

  13. Inca • Small tribe in South America • Located near present day Peru- Andes Mts. • One of first civilizations to create a capital – Cuzco • Created a strong central government • Created highway system for entire empire • Known for massive stone buildings and Art.

  14. Early Native American Civilizations • During the time of the Mayas (250A.D.-900A.D.) many Native American civilizations developed in what is now the United States • Southwest • Hohokam lived in modern day Arizona • Anasazi, lived where Utah, Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico now meet

  15. Eastern United States • Mound Builders • Adena • Hopewell • Mississippians • Built some of the first cities in North America • Perished in the 1700’s due to diseases from Europe • By 1500, North America was home to hundreds of Native American cultural groups • 2,000 languages

  16. Peoples of the North and West • North • The Aleut and Inuit in the far north • Environmental conditions were not favorable for farming • Hunters • Other Northwest Coast people hunted sea mammals, fished for salmon • West • Tribes in California, Columbia Plateau, Great Basin • Hunters and gatherers • In what is now the southwest United States, Pueblo, Navajo, and Apache

  17. Peoples of the Great Plains and East • Great Plains: flat grasslands stretching from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains • Diversity • Some nomadic • Some farmers • Some relied on hunting buffalo • Southeast Native Americans • East from Texas to Atlantic Ocean • Choctaw, Chickasaw • Fish, farming, hunting • Spoke Iroquoian or Algonquian language • Iroquois • Slash and Burn agriculture • Iroquois League

  18. Reasons for Diversity • Adaptation to environment • Deserts • Woodlands • Coastal • Ice Fields • Use of technology varied as a result of different environments

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