Trauma

1. Trauma Spring 2011 FINAL

2. Some Trauma Stats • Most common cause of death for those • 1-44 years of age • Medical costs for trauma • 200 billion annually • Mostly results from MVA, unintentional accidents, gunshot wounds, stabbing, fights, domestic violence

3. Trimodal Distribution ImmediateEarly Late

4. Immediate Deaths Lacerations of the _________________ Lacerations of the _________________

5. Early Deaths • Within first __ hours • _______hemorrhage • Lacerations of _____or _________ • Significant ____ loss Liver laceration with extravasation

6. Late Deaths • ________after injury • ____________ and ______ ____ failure

7. Level 1 Usually in _____ metro areas and serve as both primary and tertiary care institutions Must be avail _____ Must treat ______admissions or ______major trauma patients per year Level II __________to level I when necessary Serve ________cites and towns Must be avail ___ hrs Level III __________&______ ______________ on nights and weekends Level I, II & III Trauma Centers

8. Skeletal Trauma

9. Fracture Classifications

10. FRACTURE TYPES

11. _____________ reduction

12. __________ Reduction

13. _________ FRACTURES

14. Open Fracture • Bone has _____________ skin • May lead to infection • Precautions must be taken to _______ ___________from setting into the bone

15. Closed Fracture • __________ is not penetrated • Fractures can be classified by the _______ of the stress that caused the break • ________ • ________ • ________

16. Closed Fracture- Clavicle

17. Forearm Closed fracture

18. ____________Fracture- Wrist • When the fractured bone is ________into the cancellous tissue of another fragment

19. Impacted Fracture- Hip

20. Fibular Impacted Fracture

21. Comminuted Fracture • Do not represent the full thickness of the bone. • Usually extensively ________________ • Particularly apt to be open fractures

22. Comminuted Fracture

23. Comminuted Fracture

24. Non-Comminuted Fracture

25. Non-Comminuted Fracture • _________ fracture in which the bone is separated into to fragments • Can be classified according to the direction of its fracture line • ______________ • ______________

26. ________________ Fracture • Fragment of the bone is __________ from the shaft • Occur around the joints because of ligaments, tendons, muscles, associated with sprain or dislocation

27. Avulsion Fracture

28. Avulsion Fracture

29. Incomplete Fracture • Part of bony structure gives way with ________or no ________________ • Common example is a _________ fracture • Torus fracture

30. Greenstick :Incomplete Fracture • Cortex breaks on one side without separation or breaking of the opposite cortex • Found almost exclusively in children under the age of 10

31. Incomplete Fracture

32. Greenstick Fracture

33. Greenstick Fracture

34. Greenstick Fracture

35. ________: Incomplete Fracture • AKA _____ Fracture • It is a greenstick fracture • Cortex bulges _______producing a slight irregularity

36. Torus Fracture

37. Growth Plate Fracture • Involve the end of the long bone • Not visible unless displacement occurs • Classified according to severity • ____________________ • I-IV • Based on degree of epiphysis involvement

38. Growth Plate Fracture

39. Growth Plate Fracture

40. _____________ Fracture • Results from an _________degree of repetition • Generally found where __________ attachments are • EX: runners at tib/fib • Not always seen on plain x-ray

41. Stress Fracture

42. Stress Fracture

43. Occult Fracture • Gives ______________ without radiologic evidence • ____ days later may show repairing itself or displacement

44. Occult Fracture

45. Occult Fracture

46. Colles Fracture • Fracture through distal inch of the __________ • Distal fragment angled ________on the shaft • Impaction along dorsal aspect • Avulsion fx of the______________process

47. Colles Fracture

48. Boxer’s Fracture

49. Monteggia’s Fracture __________________________ __________________________

50. Galeazzi Fracture ___________________________ ___________________________ ___________________________