Weight Management

1. Weight Management Chapter Nine Pgs. 273 - 300 Mrs. Wheeler / Mr. Rath

2. Current Trendspg. 274 • The National Institutes of Health reports the following: • About 68% of American adults are overweight • More than 33.8% of American adults are obese • In 2007-2008, 32.2% of adult men and 35.5% of adult women are obese • From the National Center for Health Statistics, 24% of Americans age 18-29 are obese. • From the American Medical Association, one-third of American children are at risk of becoming overweight. • Controlling body weight is really a matter of controlling body fat • Managing body weight is not a mysterious process, even though it is not fully understood by many people • The “secret” is balancing calories consumed with calories expended in daily activities

3. Weight of Americans Age 20 and Olderpg. 274 Percent Percent Group Overweight Obese Both sexes 68.0 33.8 All races, male 72.3 32.2 All races, female 64.1 35.5 White, male 72.6 31.9 White, female 61.2 33.0 African American, male 68.5 37.3 African American, female 78.2 49.6 Latino, male 79.3 34.3 Latino, female 76.1 43.0 3

4. Health Implications of Overweight and Obesitypg. 274 • As rates increased in the United States, so has the prevalence of health conditions, including: • CVD • Hypertension • Certain forms of cancer • Type II diabetes • Premature deaths • Moderate weight loss can have a significant positive impact on health • A weight loss of just 5-10% can reduce the risk of these conditions in obese individuals 4

5. Factors Contributing to Excess Body Fatpgs. 275 - 277 • Genetic Factors • Contributions to obesity vary widely from 25% to 40% of an individual’s body fat. • Physiological Factors • Metabolism and energy balance • RMR • Hormones • Lifestyle Factors • Eating • Physical activity • Psychosocial factors • Binge eating 5

6. The Energy-Balance Equationpg. 276 6

7. The Food Label

8. The Food Label

9. Supplement Labels

10. Vitamin and Mineral Label

11. Adopting a Healthy Lifestyle for Successful Weight Managementpg. 277 - 280 Permanent weight loss is not something you start and stop. You need to adopt healthy behaviors. DIET AND EATING HABITS Total calories Portion sizes Energy (calorie) density Fat, protein, and carbohydrate amounts Eating habits • Physical activity and exercise • Thoughts and emotions • Self-talk • Coping strategies 11

12. Approaches to Overcoming a Weight Problempg. 282 - 288 Doing it yourself Diet books Dietary supplements and diet aids Dietary supplements (can be dangerous and/or ineffective) Formula drinks and food bars (long-term weight loss unlikely) Herbal supplements (can be dangerous and/or ineffective) Other supplements (can be dangerous and/or ineffective) • Weight-loss programs • Non-commercial programs • Commercial Weight-loss programs • Clinical Weight-loss Programs • Prescription drugs • Surgery • Psychological help 12

13. Body Imagepgs. 288 - 289 • Body image is the mental representation a person holds about her or his body • It consists of perceptions, images, thoughts, attitudes, and emotions • A negative body image is characterized by dissatisfaction with body in general or some part of the body in particular • Different cultures have different ideas of the “ideal” body type 13

14. Severe Body Image Problemspg. 288 • Poor body image can cause significant psychological distress • Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD): • Affects about 2% of Americans • Related to obsessive-compulsive disorder • Can lead to depression, social phobia, and suicide • Treated with medication and psychotherapy • Muscle dysmorphia is a disorder experienced by people who perceive themselves as having small, underdeveloped muscles despite being very muscular • Acceptance and change: Know the limits of healthy change, and don’t measure self-worth on appearance 14

15. Eating Disorderspgs. 289 - 291 • An eating disorder is a serious disturbance in eating pattern or behavior characterized by a negative body image and concerns about body weight or body fat • Affects about 10 million American females and 1 million males • Major types of eating disorders: • Anorexia nervosa • Bulimia nervosa • Binge-eating disorder • Eating disorders affect about 10 million American females and 1 million American males 15

16. Anorexia Nervosapgs. 289 - 290 • Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by a refusal to maintain body weight at a minimally healthy level and an intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat • Affects 1% of Americans, or about 3 million Americans, 95% being female • Typically develops between ages 12 and 18 • Based on a distorted body image • Consequences result in severe medical complications, including death 16

17. Bulimia Nervosapgs. 290 - 291 • Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating and purging: Overeating and then using compensatory behaviors such as vomiting and excessive exercise to prevent weight gain • Begins in adolescence (11-12 years) or older (40-60 years) • Research suggests that about 5% of college-age women have bulimia • During a binge, a person may rapidly consume thousands of calories. • Binge-purge cycle places tremendous stress on the body 17

18. Binge-Eating Disorderpg. 291 • Binge-eating disorder is an eating disorder characterized by uncontrollable eating without any compensatory purging behavior • Affects about 2% of American adults • Common eating patterns are: • Eating very rapidly • Eating until uncomfortably full • Eating when not hungry • Eating alone • This is usually followed by feelings of guilt, shame, and depression 18

19. Treating Eating Disorderspgs. 291 - 292 Must address both problematic eating behaviors and the misuse of food to manage stress and emotions Averting a medical crisis by restoring adequate body weight For more suggestions, see the box “If Someone You Know Has an Eating Disorder” Dealing with psychological aspects Stabilizing eating habits Changing behavior patterns and thoughts Possibly involving medication and/or hospitalization 19

20. Weight Management Chapter Nine